Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Modulation by NO of acetylcholine release in the ileum of wild-type and NOS gene knockout mice.
2002
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the release of acetylcholine and cholinergic contractions in the small intestine of several species, but no information is available about the mouse ileum. This study examines the effects of NO on the electrically evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine and smooth muscle contraction in myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations of wild-type mice and of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) knockout mice. The NOS inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) concentration dependently increased the evoked [3H]acetylcholine release and cholinergic contractions in prepa…
Comparison of octreotide and hyoscine butylbromide in controlling gastrointestinal symptoms due to malignant inoperable bowel obstruction
2000
In advanced cancer patients with inoperable bowel obstruction, the administration of antisecretive and antiemetic drugs has proved to be effective in controlling gastrointestinal symptoms caused by bowel obstruction. However, controlled studies concerning the most effective antisecretive drug are lacking. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to determine whether octreotide or hyoscine butylbromide was the more effective antisecretive drug for use in states of inoperable bowel obstruction. Eighteen patients with inoperable bowel obstruction randomly received octreotide 0.3 mg daily (n = 9) or hyoscine butylbromide (HB) 60 mg daily (n = 9) s.c. The following parameters were measure…
Functional and neurochemical changes of the gastrointestinal tract in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease.
2009
Patients with Parkinson’s disease develop motor disturbances often accompanied by peripheral autonomic dysfunctions, including gastrointestinal disorders, such as dysphagia, gastric stasis and constipation. While the mechanisms subserving enteric autonomic dysfunctions are not clearly understood, they may involve the enteric dopaminergic and/or nitrergic systems. In the present study, we demonstrate that rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons develop a marked inhibition of propulsive activity compared to sham-operated controls, as indicated by a 60% reduction of daily fecal output at the 4th week of observation. Immunohistochemical data revealed …
Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori in vivo by confocal laser endoscopy.
2005
Background & Aims: Confocal laser endomicroscopy enables subsurface microscopic imaging of living tissue during ongoing endoscopy. This case report describes the in vivo detection of Helicobacter pylori by endomicroscopy.Methods: Endomicroscopy (Pentax, Tokyo, EC-3870CIFK) was performed by using two different contrast stains: Topical Acriflavine in addition to intravenously applied fluorescein netted the surface and allowed identification of focal accumulation of Helicobacter pylori at the surface and in deeper layer of the gastric epithelium. Biopsies were performed at the antrum and corpus for urease testing and histology. In addition, biopsies were cultured for Helicobacter pylori. Cultu…
Unilateral and irreversible optic neuropathy associated to infliximab treatment: 3-year follow-up.
2016
Sir,We have recently read with interest the article by Clemmensen et al. [1] We presented a similar case [2] and we followed it up for more than 3 years. A 54-year-old female presented sudden-onset...
Growth and safety evaluation of infant formulae containing oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial
2014
A limited number of nondigestible oligosaccharides are available for use in infant formula. This study evaluated growth and safety in infants fed formula supplemented with a mixture of bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (BMOS). This mixture, which was generated from whey permeate, contains galactooligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides from bovine milk, such as 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. We hypothesized that growth in infants fed BMOS-supplemented formula would be noninferior to that in infants fed standard formula. Healthy term infants ≤14 days old were randomly assigned to standard formula (control; n = 84); standard formula with BMOS (IF-BMOS; n = 99); or standard formula with BMOS …
Inhibition of mechanical activity by neurotensin in rat proximal colon: involvement of nitric oxide.
1997
The aim of the present study was to define the nature of inhibitory action of neurotensin in rat proximal colon. Mechanical activity was detected as changes of intraluminal pressure. Neurotensin (10(-10) to 10(-7) M), in the presence of atropine (10(-6) M), guanethidine (10(-6) M), and nifedipine (10(-8) M), induced a tetrodotoxin-insensitive inhibitory effect characterized by the complete disappearance of the spontaneous phasic contractions. The inhibitory effect of neurotensin (10(-7) M) was abolished by scorpion venom (Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus) (10(-6) g/ml) or high K+ (40 mM KCl), whereas it persisted in the presence of omega-conotoxin GVIA, (10(-7) M). N omega-nitro-L-arginine…
Neuronostatin: peripheral site of action in mouse stomach.
2015
Neuronostatin is a 13-amino acid peptide encoded by somatostatin gene. It is distributed in different organs including gastrointestinal tract and has been involved in the control of food intake and gastroin-testinal motility, likely through an action in the brain. So far, there are no reports about the occurrence of peripheral action sites in the gut. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine, in the mouse, the effects of peripheral administration of neuronostatin on food intake within 24 h and on gastrointestinal motility and to analyse neuronostatin actions on the gastric and intestinal mechanical activity in isolated preparations in vitro. When compared with PBS-treated …
Glucagon-like peptide-2 relaxes mouse stomach through vasoactive intestinal peptide release.
2009
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) influences different aspects of the gastrointestinal function, including epithelial growth, digestion, absorption, motility, and blood flow. Intraluminal pressure from isolated mouse stomach was recorded to investigate whether GLP-2 affects gastric tone and to analyze its mechanism of action. Regional differences between diverse parts of the stomach were also examined using circular muscular strips from fundus and antrum. In the whole stomach, GLP-2 (0.3–100 nM) produced concentration-dependent relaxation with a maximum that was about 75% of relaxation to 1 μM isoproterenol (IC50 = 2.5 nM). This effect was virtually abolished by desensitization of GLP-2 rece…
Guanosine negatively modulates the gastric motor function in mouse
2013
The aim of the present study was to evaluate if guanine-based purines may affect the gastric motor function in mouse. Thus, the influence of guanosine on the gastric emptying rate in vivo was determined and its effects on spontaneous gastric mechanical activity, detected as changes of the intraluminal pressure, were analyzed in vitro before and after different treatments. Gastric gavage of guanosine (1.75-10 mg/kg) delayed the gastric emptying. Guanosine (30 μM-1 mM) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated stomach, which was not affected by the inhibition of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme by 4'-deaza-1'-aza-2'-deoxy-1'-(9-methylene)-immucillin-H. The inhibitory …