Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Modulation of the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs by Chinese herbal medicines.
2014
Concomitant use of NSAIDs and Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is frequent, yet summarized information on their interactions is lacking.A systematic review of literature in four evidence-based English databases was performed. Articles which reported CHMs altering the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs were identified and summarized. Such interactions may lead to beneficial, detrimental or no change in outcomes. The current review covers four therapeutic effects of NSAIDs, including: i) anti-inflammatory; ii) analgesic; iii) antiplatelet, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular; and iv) anticancer effects and four adverse effects of NSAIDs, including: i) gastrointestinal u…
Trends in gastrointestinal bleeding in the Region of Valencia (2000-2005). Relationship to sales of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acid sup…
2011
Objective: To describe 2000-2005 time trends of prescription for NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and hospital admissions for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods: Time series analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding admission and drugs’ Defined Daily Dose per 1000 people per day (DDD/1000/day) in the Region of Valencia, Spain, from January 2000 to December 2005. Results: Dispensation of NSAIDs went from 42.7 DDD/1000 people/day in 2000 to 58.3 DDD/1000 people/day in 2005. During the same period, dispensation of PPIs went from 26.3 DDD/1000 people/day to 68.5 DDD/1000 people/day (both are statistically significant). The rate of hospitalisations for gastrointestinal bleeding during…
Current drugs in early development for hereditary angioedema: potential for effective treatment
2014
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) through C1 inhibitor deficiency is a rare but important disease. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of angioedema, which commonly affects the skin (in the form of swelling in the extremities, face and genitals) as well as the gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain attacks). In approximately 1% of cases of angiodema-related swelling, there is obstruction of the upper airway, which is potentially life-threatening. Therefore, HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent research has added to our ever-increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of HAE, which has, in addition, new clinical trials with ne…
Standard versus personalized schedule of regorafenib in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a retrospective, multicenter, real-world study
2021
Background Despite its proven activity as third-line treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), regorafenib can present a poor tolerability profile which often leads to treatment modifications and transient or permanent discontinuation; thus, in clinical practice physicians usually adopt various dosing and interval schedules to counteract regorafenib-related adverse events and avoid treatment interruption. The aim of this real-world study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of personalized schedules of regorafenib in patients with metastatic GIST, in comparison with the standard schedule (160 mg daily, 3-weeks-on, 1-week-off). Patients and methods Institutional registries a…
Milk versus caseinophosphopeptides added to fruit beverage: Resistance and release from simulated gastrointestinal digestion
2010
The influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) formation in milk-based fruit beverage was evaluated, together with resistance of a pool of CPPs added to fruit beverage. In milk-based fruit beverage, four CPPs were identified that can be justified by their presence in raw milk or due to processing. When it was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, 10 CPPs were identified, and only 1 presented the cluster (SpSpSpEE) (3 phosphoseryl group followed by 2 glutamic acid residues), which corresponded to αs2-CN(1-19)4P. CPPs added to fruit beverage are resistant to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and 16 CPPs were identified originating from …
Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: an introduction to the US FDA funded ‘21st Century BA/BE’ …
2018
Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by performing predictive in vitro dissolution studies. Similarly, there is an increasing interest in the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) frameworks and high-performance computing platforms to study the local processes underlying absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In that way, CFD and computing platforms both can inform future PBPK-based in silico frameworks and determine the GI-motility-driven hydrodynamic impac…
In vivo methods for drug absorption - comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for for…
2013
This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and mouse) with emphasis on in vivo methods for testing and prediction of oral dosage form performance. A wide range of factors and methods are considered in addition, such as imaging methods, perfusion models, models for predicting segmental/regional absorption, in vitro in vivo correlations as well as models to investigate the effects of excipients and the role of food on drug absorption. One goal of the authors was to clearly identify the gaps in today's knowledge in order to stimulate further work on refining the e…
Oral biopharmaceutics tools – Time for a new initiative – An introduction to the IMI project OrBiTo
2013
OrBiTo is a new European project within the IMI programme in the area of oral biopharmaceutics tools that includes world leading scientists from nine European universities, one regulatory agency, one non-profit research organization, four SMEs together with scientists from twelve pharmaceutical companies. The OrBiTo project will address key gaps in our knowledge of gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption and deliver a framework for rational application of predictive biopharmaceutics tools for oral drug delivery. This will be achieved through novel prospective investigations to define new methodologies as well as refinement of existing tools. Extensive validation of novel and existing biopharm…
Paratransgenic manipulation of a tsetse microRNA alters the physiological homeostasis of the fly’s midgut environment
2021
Tsetse flies are vectors of parasitic African trypanosomes, the etiological agents of human and animal African trypanosomoses. Current disease control methods include fly-repelling pesticides, fly trapping, and chemotherapeutic treatment of infected people and animals. Inhibiting tsetse’s ability to transmit trypanosomes by strengthening the fly’s natural barriers can serve as an alternative approach to reduce disease. The peritrophic matrix (PM) is a chitinous and proteinaceous barrier that lines the insect midgut and serves as a protective barrier that inhibits infection with pathogens. African trypanosomes must cross tsetse’s PM in order to establish an infection in the fly, and PM struc…