Search results for "GDP"
showing 10 items of 81 documents
The IgGFc-binding protein FCGBP is secreted with all GDPH sequences cleaved but maintained by interfragment disulfide bonds
2021
Mucus forms an important protective barrier that minimizes bacterial contact with the colonic epithelium. Intestinal mucus is organized in a complex network with several specific proteins, including the mucin-2 (MUC2) and the abundant IgGFc-binding protein, FCGBP. FCGBP is expressed in all intestinal goblet cells and is secreted into the mucus. It is comprised of repeated von Willebrand D (vWD) domain assemblies, most of which have a GDPH amino acid sequence that can be autocatalytically cleaved, as previously observed in the mucins MUC2 and mucin-5AC. However, the functions of FCGBP in the mucus are not understood. We show that all vWD domains of FCGBP with a GDPH sequence are cleaved and …
The Case for Contingent Convertible Debt for Sovereigns
2015
We make the case for sovereigns to issue contingent convertible bonds as a means to forestall debt crises. These instruments contractually stipulate payment standstill, contingent on a sovereign’s credit default swap spread breaching a distress threshold. This is a financial innovation solution to the lack of sovereign debt restructuring mechanisms, limiting ex ante the likelihood of debt crises and imposing ex post risk sharing between creditors and the debtor. The new instruments are contingent contracts addressing neglected risks in sovereign debt. Building on literature for contingent convertible debt for banks we address the design of sovereign contingent debt, including market discipl…
Anulación del privacy shield en las transferencias internacionales de datos : ¿presenciamos un desplazamiento fáctico de la responsabilidad?
2021
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of international transfers of personal data to third countries or international organizations due to new privacy regulation. More specifically, it analyzes the effects on this regulatory scheme of the annulment of the Privacy Shield in the transatlantic information movements between the European Union and the United States and how this implies, in fact, a transfer of responsibility to the controller
Application of the Article 28 (3) of the General Data Protection Regulation in contemporary Software as a Service (“SaaS”) business.
2019
For the purposes of this thesis, regulatory requirements associated with the Data Processing Agreement (DPA) are subject to interpretation in the context of SaaS delivery models widely adopted by prominent SaaS providers. In addition, the author argues that, multiple parties processing personal data leads to problems in determining the correct processing role. Thereby, parties may struggle in meeting the requirements of Article 28 (3) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Failure to ensure that processing is covered by the proper DPA is regarded as an infringement of the GDPR. For that reason, the thesis seeks to stress out complications associated with structuring DPA’s and pro…
Daudznacionālu uzņēmumu ietekme uz personu privātumu
2021
Šī pētījuma mērķis ir izpētīt korelāciju starp patērētāju datu privātumu un starptautisko uzņēmumu priekšrocībām un to, kā tas ietekmē patērētāju privātumu. Autors apkopo un analizē teorētisko pamatu, izmantojot daudzus zinātniskus rakstus un žurnālus. Pēc tam pētnieka mērķis ir veikt aptauju starp 109 respondentiem, lai apkopotu ieskatu par to, cik plaši patērētāji rūpējas par savu vispārējo privātumu no starptautiskiem uzņēmumiem un cik labi starptautiski uzņēmumi respektē vai aizsargā savu klientu privātumu no digitālās attīstības. Tehnoloģijas patērētāji ir izrādījuši mazāku interesi aizsargāt savu privātumu, jo liela daļa informācijas tiek saglabāta internetā un citos avotos, pamatojot…
Strategic quantitative easing: Stimulating investment to rebalance the economy
2013
The Bank of England’s programmes of Quantitative Easing (QE) and Funding for Lending (FLS) are failing to stimulate GDP and rebalance the economy. Both policies falsely assume that the UK’s risk-averse capital markets, corporate sector and constrained banking system can be nudged into supporting the productive economy. We propose a new approach: one that channels investment directly into new housing, infrastructure and SME lending, boosting productivity and exports. QE must become less scattergun and more strategic, with reformed governance structures to match.
Discretionary Government Consumption, Private Domestic Demand, and Crisis Episodes
2012
This paper analyzes the dynamic impact of discretionary government consumption purchases on private demand. Using a panel of 132 countries from 1960 to 2008, we find that while discretionary changes in government consumption lead to crowding-in effects in the short run, crowding-out effects take over in the medium run. In addition, we also find that both short-term crowding-in and mediumterm crowding out effects are amplified once we control for periods of crisis.
GDP Density Disparities in Old Europe: Theil Decomposition in Cross-Country Historical Perspective
2011
The political, social and economic aspects of Old Europe have experienced profound changes over the last century. The levels and variations of GDP provide a good, though partial, representation of these changes with specific reference to the economic development. According to historical data, GDP shows strong increases in Europe; among these countries also Italy. But, what can we say about the cross-country income inequality? In this paper, we analyze cross-country disparities of GDP density from 1870 to 2008 in fourteen western European countries. In particular, we use a Duro-Esteban decomposition of the Theil index to identify the separate contribution of GDP per capita and population den…
How Costly are Debt Crises?
2010
The aim of this paper is to assess the short- and medium-term impact of debt crises on GDP. Using an unbalanced panel of 154 countries from 1970 to 2008, the paper shows that debt crises produce significant and long-lasting output losses, reducing output by about 10 percent after eight years. The results also suggest that debt crises tend to be more detrimental than banking and currency crises. The significance of the results is robust to different specifications, identification and endogeneity checks, and datasets.
Repatriation of Debt in the Euro Crisis: Evidence for the Secondary Market Theory
2013
The Euro Crisis has marked a sharp inversion in the process of the European financial integration and, more specifically, a repatriation of countries' debt from foreign to domestic investors. Yet the drivers of the financial fragmentation remain unclear. This paper investigates the empirical patterns in light of competing theories of cross-border portfolio allocation. Three main empirical regularities stand out: i) the repatriation of debt occurred primarily in crisis countries; ii) the repatriation affected mainly public debt; iii) the public debt of crisis countries was reallocated to politically influential countries within the Euro Area. Standard theories of portfolio allocation and hom…