Search results for "GENETIC"
showing 10 items of 18709 documents
The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits
2021
Our understanding of how novel warning color traits evolve in natural populations is largely based on studies of reproductive stages and organisms with endogenously produced pigmentation. In these systems, genetic drift is often required for novel alleles to overcome strong purifying selection stemming from frequency-dependent predation and positive assortative mating. Here, we integrate data from field surveys, predation experiments, population genomics, and phenotypic correlations to explain the origin and maintenance of geographic variation in a diet-based larval pigmentation trait in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a pine-feeding hymenopteran. Although our experiments c…
Diversity in warning coloration: selective paradox or the norm?
2019
Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency-dependent learning. However, widespread variation in warning signals is observed across closely related species, populations and, most problematically for evolutionary biologists, among individuals in the same population. Recent research has yielded an increased awareness of this diversity, challenging the paradigm of signal monomorphy in aposematic animals. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of these disparate lines of investigation, identifying within them three broad classes of explanation for variation in aposematic warning signals: …
Model organisms and their application in environmental epigenetics
2020
Abstract Epigenetic mechanisms operate at the interface between the environment and the genome of a given organism. More particularly, they convert environmental stimuli as diverse as chemical pollutants, nutritional components, temperature changes, and social conditions into changes in the chromatin landscape, which influence gene expression in the absence of alterations in the DNA sequence, ultimately leading to phenotype adaptation and diversification. The use of experimental model organisms in epigenetics research allows for the careful manipulation of environmental factors in order to understand how they mechanistically modulate the establishment, maintenance, and inheritance of epigen…
The role of lipid metabolism in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance inCraterostigma plantagineum: a comparative approach
2013
Summary Dehydration leads to different physiological and biochemical responses in plants. We analysed the lipid composition and the expression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum. A comparative approach was carried out with Lindernia brevidens (desiccation tolerant) and two desiccation-sensitive species, Lindernia subracemosa and Arabidopsis thaliana. In C. plantagineum the total lipid content remained constant while the lipid composition underwent major changes during desiccation. The most prominent change was the removal of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from the thylakoids. Analysis of molecular species composition rev…
CYGD: the Comprehensive Yeast Genome Database.
2005
The comprehensive resource is available under http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/yeast/.; International audience; The Comprehensive Yeast Genome Database (CYGD) compiles a comprehensive data resource for information on the cellular functions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species, chosen as the best understood model organism for eukaryotes. The database serves as a common resource generated by a European consortium, going beyond the provision of sequence information and functional annotations on individual genes and proteins. In addition, it provides information on the physical and functional interactions among proteins as well as other genetic elements. These cellular network…
Advances in Wine Fermentation
2021
Fermentation is a well-known natural process that has been used by humanity for thousands of years, with the fundamental purpose of making alcoholic beverages such as wine, and also other non-alcoholic products. From a strictly biochemical point of view, fermentation is a process of central metabolism in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. The fermentation process turns grape juice (must) into wine. This is a complex chemical reaction whereby the yeast interacts with the sugars (glucose and fructose) in the must to create ethanol and carbon dioxide. Fermentation processes to produce wines are traditionally carried out with Saccharo…
Generating TV summaries for CE-devices
2002
Automatically generated summaries of TV content are indispensable for content selection and navigation in CE-devices. We show two different types of summaries: Short video trailers and visual overviews consisting of representative frames. The demo does not only show the feasibility of the proposed algorithms, but also shows how different types of generated summaries can be used in future CE-devices.
Virus influenzali H1N1pdm e riassortanti isolati dal suino
2011
Sin dai primi giorni della circolazione del virus pandemico H1N1-2009 nella popolazione, è stata segnalata la trasmissione del virus dall’uomo a specie animali diverse (suino, tacchino, cane, gatto). La trasmissione di virus influenzali dall’uomo agli animali non rappresenta solo un problema limitato al settore zootecnico, ma un problema di sanità pubblica per il ruolo di “serbatoio” dei virus influenzali rappresentato da tali specie. Il suino non ha sinora dimostrato un ruolo epidemiologico importante nella diffusione di (H1N1)pdm all’uomo; tuttavia ciò non esclude, che a seguito dell’evoluzione virale, o di fenomeni di riassortimento, da tale specie emergano e si trasmettano all’uomo viru…
Peptide-mediated interference with baculovirus transduction
2007
Baculovirus represents a multifunctional platform with potential for biomedical applications including disease therapies. The importance of F3, a tumor-homing peptide, in baculovirus transduction was previously recognized by the ability of F3 to augment viral binding and gene delivery to human cancer cells following display on the viral envelope. Here, F3 was utilized as a molecular tool to expand understanding of the poorly characterized baculovirus-mammalian cell interactions. Baculovirus-mediated transduction of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells was strongly inhibited by coincubating the virus with synthetic F3 or following incorporation of F3 into viral nucleocapsid by genetic engineering, th…
Occlusion-derived baculovirus: interaction with human cells and evaluation of the envelope protein P74 as a surface display platform.
2008
To develop complementary baculovirus-based tools for gene delivery and display technologies, the interaction of occlusion-derived baculovirus (ODV) with human cells, and the functionality of the P74 ODV envelope protein for display of the IgG-binding Z domains (ZZP74) were evaluated. The cellular binding of ODV was concentration-dependent and saturable. Only minority of the bound virions were internalized at both 37 and 4 degrees C, suggesting usage of direct membrane fusion as the entry mode. The intracellular transport of ODV was confined in vesicular structures peripheral to the plasma membrane, impeding subsequent nuclear entry and transgene expression. Transduction of ODV was not rescu…