Search results for "GLIOBLASTOMA"
showing 10 items of 137 documents
Gēnu ekspresija glioblastomas pacientiem ar atšķirīgu dzīvildzi
2015
Glioblastomu raksturošana molekulārā līmenī ar gēnu ekspresijas mikročipiem ir aktuāla metode mūsdienās, lai identificētu jaunus pretvēža terapijas mērķus. Darba mērķis bija salīdzināt divas pacientu grupas ar atšķirīgu dzīvildzi un noteikt atšķirīgi ekspresētos gēnus. Gēnu ekspresijas analīzi veica ar mikročipu tehnoloģiju, salīdzinot divas grupas. Negatīvā grupā sastāvēja no 13 pacientiem, kam dzīvildze bija īsāka par 6 mēnešiem, un pozitīvā - 15 pacienti ar dzīvildzi virs 6 mēnešiem. Glioblastomu RNS tika izdalīts no formalīnā fiksētiem, parafīnā guldītiem audiem. Iegūtos datus apstrādāja, izmantojot statistiskās analīzes metodes. Rezultātā noteica 30 dažādi ekspresēti gēni, no kuriem iz…
Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles?
2023
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our a…
Responsiveness to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade in SB28 and GL261 mouse glioma models.
2018
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is currently evaluated in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), based on encouraging clinical data in other cancers, and results from studies with the methylcholanthrene-induced GL261 mouse glioma. In this paper, we describe a novel model faithfully recapitulating some key human GBM characteristics, including low mutational load, a factor reported as a prognostic indicator of ICB response. Consistent with this observation, SB28 is completely resistant to ICB, contrasting with treatment sensitivity of the more highly mutated GL261. Moreover, SB28 shows features of a poorly immunogenic tumor, with low MHC-I expression and modest CD8(+) T-cell infiltration, suggest…
The NG2 Proteoglycan Protects Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells against Oxidative Stress via Interaction with OMI/HtrA2.
2015
The NG2 proteoglycan is characteristically expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and also by aggressive brain tumours highly resistant to chemo- and radiation therapy. Oligodendrocyte-lineage cells are particularly sensitive to stress resulting in cell death in white matter after hypoxic or ischemic insults of premature infants and destruction of OPC in some types of Multiple Sclerosis lesions. Here we show that the NG2 proteoglycan binds OMI/HtrA2, a mitochondrial serine protease which is released from damaged mitochondria into the cytosol in response to stress. In the cytosol, OMI/HtrA2 initiates apoptosis by proteolytic degradation of anti-apoptotic factors. OPC in which NG…
ROLE OF HEME OXYGENASE-1 (HSP32) AND HSP90 IN GLIOBLASTOMA
2017
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The current treatment regimes for glioblastoma demonstrated a low efficiency and offer a poor prognosis. Advancements in conventional treatment strategies have only yielded modest improvements in overall survival. The heat shockproteins, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Hsp90, serve these pivotal roles in tumor cells and have been identified as effective targets for developing therapeutics. This topic review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical evidences and rationale to define the potential of HO-1 and Hsp90 in GBM progression and chemoresistance.
Anti-tumor activity of the methanolic extracts of Salvia menthifolia
2012
In the present research we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of Salvia menthifolia Ten. (formerly Salvia menthaefolia), Lamiaceae, on a glioblastoma cell line, since up to date poor therapeutic results have been reported for treatment of malignant glioblastoma. Methanol extracts from different anatomical parts of S. menthifolia were tested on DBTRG-05MG cell line by MTT assay. The most active primary stems extract was also evaluated for apoptosis induction. Results confirmed the anti-tumor property of all the organs and demonstrated that the primary stems extract induced apoptosis after 4 h with the highest values of DNA fragmentation after 6 to 24 h. Some extracts were also HPLC…
A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: Coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the …
2013
Kast, Richard E. et al.
Conspiracy of silence and emotional distress in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme
2012
Objetivo: En el ámbito de enfermedades muy graves y de mal pronóstico, continúa existiendo un importante porcentaje de familiares que, por motivos beneficentes y de protección, deciden ocultar la verdad a los enfermos que desean conocer lo que les ocurre. El objetivo es identificar la incidencia de conspiración de silencio familiar y su repercusión en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión del paciente diagnosticado de glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Método: Los niveles de ansiedad y depresión fueron recogidos en cinco momentos del proceso de enfermedad: ingreso, después de la comunicación del diagnóstico, en el alta hospitalaria, un mes después del alta y seis meses después del alta. Las neces…
Measurements of the volume and density of intracerebral tumors by CT following therapy.
1982
For the interpretation of curative measures in patients with cerebral tumors CT is of increasing importance. The therapeutic effects can be demonstrated by close follow-up studies without any of the disadvantage of invasive neuroradiological methods. Our investigations of 125 patients with cerebral tumors are based on volume and density determinations. The CT studies of removed or inoperable tumors followed by radiation and/or cytostatic therapy prove that the best results follow a combination of both. In the present cases however, if CT proves postoperatively, at the end of radiation or at the beginning of the application of cytostatics that there is a residual mass, a complete remission c…
Automatic scanning of large tissue areas in neurosurgery using optical coherence tomography
2012
Background With its high spatial and temporal resolution, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal modality for intra-operative imaging. One possible application is to detect tumour invaded tissue in neurosurgery, e.g. during complete resection of glioblastoma. Ideally, the whole resection cavity is scanned. However, OCT is limited to a small field of view (FOV) and scanning perpendicular to the tissue surface. Methods We present a new method to use OCT for scanning of the resection cavity during neurosurgical resection of brain tumours. The main challenges are creating a map of the cavity, scanning perpendicular to the surface and merging the three-dimensional (3D) data for intra-ope…