Search results for "GLUCAGON-LIKE"

Real‐world evidence of the effectiveness on glycaemic control of early simultaneous versus later sequential initiation of basal insulin and glucagon‐…

2020

Abstract Aim To assess the impact of the timing of initiating both basal insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) on reaching glycaemic control targets over 6 and 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs with an HbA1c of 9% or higher. Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed the impact of the timing of initiating both basal insulin and GLP‐1 RA therapies on reaching glycaemic targets (HbA1c < 7% and <8%, and ≥1% and ≥2% HbA1c reduction) over 12 months in people with markedly uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c ≥ 9%) on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs identified on the Optum Humedica database (electronic medical records; …

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Modulates Neurally-Evoked Mucosal Chloride Secretion in the Guinea Pig Ileum In Vitro

2011

Addition of liraglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes well controlled on metformin monotherapy improves several markers of vascular function

2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1115–1118 (2012) Abstract Aims  The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular effects of liraglutide in patients well controlled on metformin monotherapy. Methods  Forty-four patients with Type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Main inclusion criteria were: pretreatment with metformin on a stable dosage, HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7.0%), age 30–65 years. Patients were randomized to receive additional liraglutide or to remain on metformin monotherapy. After 6 weeks (1.2 mg) and after 12 weeks (1.8 mg), venous blood was taken for the measurement of several laboratory markers characterizing vascular and endothelial function. In addition, retinal microvascular endothelia…

Incretin-Based Therapies, Glucometabolic Health and Endovascular Inflammation

2013

Incretin peptides are a group of gastrointestinal hormones that play a prominent role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Incretin-based therapies (IBTs) have recently emerged as an important treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These pharmaceutical agents may be specially well suited for patients who are overweight or obese with primarily post-meal glucose peaks, and in whom traditional first-line oral agents have failed to maintain adequate glycemic control. There are 2 classes of IBTs: the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. The ultimate effect of both types of agents is to augment GLP-1 …

Restoration of cerebral and systemic microvascular architecture in APP/PS1 transgenic mice following treatment with Liraglutide™.

2015

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral microvascular impairments occurring in AD may reduce Aβ peptide clearance and impact upon circulatory ultrastructure and function. We hypothesized that microvascular pathologies occur in organs responsible for systemic Aβ peptide clearance in a model of AD and that Liraglutide (Victoza(®)) improves vessel architecture. METHODS: Seven-month-old APP/PS1 and age-matched wild-type mice received once-daily intraperitoneal injections of either Liraglutide or saline (n = 4 per group) for eight weeks. Casts of cerebral, splenic, hepatic, and renal microanatomy were analyzed using SEM. RESULTS: Casts from wild-type mice showed regularly spaced microvasculature with smooth lumenal…

The identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent effects of oleoylethanolamide on intestinal transit in mice

2009

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid produced in the intestine that mediates satiety by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). OEA inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal motility, but the mechanism of action remains to be determined. We investigated whether OEA inhibits intestinal motility by activation of PPARalpha. PPARalpha immunoreactivity was examined in whole mount preparations of mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The effect of OEA on motility was assessed in wildtype, PPARalpha, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and CB(2) receptor gene-deficient mice and in a model of accelerated GI transit. In addition, the effect of OEA on motility was as…

GLP-1 receptor agonists in NAFLD.

2017

IF 4.101; International audience; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with approximately two-thirds having a diagnosis of the disease. Currently, the only validated treatment for NAFLD is weight loss. A number of studies of animal models and human trials have evaluated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on liver fat content and suggest that the treatment could represent a new alternative for NAFLD management. In this review, our focus is on the main studies regarding the effects of GLP-1RAs on NAFLD. Also, the mechanisms that might explain their beneficial effects on liver diseases are analyzed.

Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin cell

2015

AbstractTaste receptors on enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients and transmit signals that control gut hormone release. This study aimed to investigate the amino acid (AA) sensing mechanisms of the ghrelin cell in a gastric ghrelinoma cell line, tissue segments and mice. Peptone and specific classes of amino acids stimulate ghrelin secretion in the ghrelinoma cell line. Sensing of L-Phe occurs via the CaSR, monosodium glutamate via the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 while L-Ala and peptone act via 2 different amino acid taste receptors: CaSR &amp; TAS1R1-TAS1R3 and CaSR &amp; GPRC6A, respectively. The stimulatory effect of peptone on ghrelin release was mimicked ex vivo in gastric but not in jejunal tissue …

Glucagon-like peptide-2 analog and inflammatory state in obese mice

2020

Obesity is characterized by chronic low grade of systemic inflammation that develops in response to nutrient excess and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. It is characterized by macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) and abnormal cytokine production. These factors damage the metabolic homeostasis leading to alteration in the insulin signaling in specific tissues and organs such as AT and liver. Thus, obese subjects develop over the time resistance to the cellular actions of insulin. Glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinal proglucagon-derived hormone released together with GLP1, in response to the passage of food by the distal small intestine. Once…

Nephroprotection by Hypoglycemic Agents: Do We Have Supporting Data?

2015

Current therapy directed at delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy includes intensive glycemic and optimal blood pressure control, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and multifactorial intervention. However, the renal protection provided by these therapeutic modalities is incomplete. There is a scarcity of studies analysing the nephroprotective effect of antihyperglycaemic drugs beyond their glucose lowering effect and improved glycaemic control on the prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy. This article analyzes the exisiting data about older and newer drugs as well as the mechanisms associated with hypoglycemic drugs, apart from their well known blood gluc…