Search results for "GLUCOSE"
showing 10 items of 1206 documents
Role of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the regulation of amino acid translocation
1989
Amino acid translocation was studied in the mammary gland of lactating rats and in the placenta of pregnant rats. The uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland is maximal on days 10-14 of lactation and is minimal on days 19-21. However, on day 19 maximal uptake can be restored by injection of 1) small amounts of gamma-glutamyl amino acids, 2) 5-oxoproline, and 3) an inhibitor of 5-oxoprolinase. A severe decrease in uptake of amino acids at the peak of lactation is provoked by anthglutin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Simultaneous injection of 5-oxoproline blocks these effects of anthglutin. In pregnant rats, inhibition (79%) of placental GGT activity by acivicin resul…
Early, but not late onset estrogen replacement therapy prevents oxidative stress and metabolic alterations caused by ovariectomy.
2014
Aims: The usefulness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in preventing oxidative stress associated with menopause is controversial. We aimed to study if there is a critical time window for effective treatment of the effects of ovariectomy with estrogens at the molecular, metabolic, and cellular level. Results: Our main finding is that early, but not late onset of ERT prevents an ovariectomy-associated increase in mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in rats. This may be due to a change in the estrogen receptor (ER) expression profile: ovariectomy increases the ER α/β ratio and immedi…
Effects of prandial glycemic changes on objective fetal heart rate parameters
2000
Background. There is confusion in the literature about the potential effect of maternal glucose levels on the fetal heart rate (FHR) cardiotocographic interpretation.Methods. Study design: prospective clinical descriptive study. Subjects: 21 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, 23 women with gestational diabetes and 18 healthy non-diabetic pregnant volunteers (control group). Treatment: maternal capillary glucose measurement and objective FHR analysis (Oxford System 8002) pre- and 1 h post-meal. Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics, Student t-tests and Pearson correlation studies.Results. Maternal capillary glucose levels ranged between 2.7–10.5 mmol/l pre-meal and 4.2–14.8 mmol/l…
Effects of high-fat diet and physical activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 in mouse skeletal muscle
2012
Abstract Background The expression of PDK4 is elevated by diabetes, fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. It is previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, coactivates in cell lines pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). We investigated the effects of long-term high-fat diet and physical activity on the expression of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα and the amount and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Methods Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat (HF) d…
Salivary glucose as a non-invasive biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus
2018
Background Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the number of new and undiagnosed cases continue to rise. Diagnosis of diabetes is usually performed by blood glucose analysis after fasting for a certain period. However, this method uses an invasive technique that can cause discomfort and even trauma to some patients which could eventually lead to behavioral changes such as avoidance of healthcare and laboratory testing. Studies that explore the diagnostic value of salivary glucose are promising due to the non-invasiveness of the test procedures and its potential correlation with blood results. Material and Methods The study conducted aimed to determin…
Impact of chronic diuretic treatment on glucose homeostasis
2013
Background The use of diuretics for hypertension has been associated with unfavorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as uric acid and glucose tolerance, though the findings in the literature are contradictory. Methods This study investigated whether diuretic use is associated with markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, such as insulin-resistance and uric acid, in a cohort of adults without known diabetes and/or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nine hundred sixty-nine randomly selected participants answered a questionnaire on clinical history and dietary habits. Laboratory blood measurements were obtained in 507 participants. Results Previously undiagnosed type 2 …
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver oligometastases: predictive factors of local response by 18F-FDG-PET/CT
2018
Objective:To investigate metabolic parameters as predictive of local response after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver-oligometastases.Methods:Inclusion criteria of the present re...
A Direct Comparison of Seprafilm, Adept, Intercoat, and Spraygel for Adhesion Prophylaxis
2010
Background Commercially available agents for adhesion prophylaxis are legion but there is a lack of direct comparisons between them. Here we compare four of the most commonly used adhesion barriers against a control group in a clinically relevant rat model. Material and Methods Standardized lesions were created in Wistar rats using electrocautery and suturing. Subsequently, the experimental lesions were treated with Seprafilm (n = 30), Adept (n = 30), Intercoat (n = 30), Spraygel (n = 30), or no barrier (n = 30). The resulting adhesions were examined 14 d postoperatively. Results The mean area covered by adhesion was 77% in the control group, 46% in animals treated with Seprafilm, 54% in an…
Increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscles of dystrophic hamsters.
1989
The results showed that the total content of lipids, which could be peroxidized with Fe(2 +)/ascorbate stimulation in vitro, was 45.4% and 53.7% higher than normal in the dystrophic hamster muscle at the age of 1 and 3 months, respectively. Correspondingly, the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation (stimulated by ADP-chelated iron at 37 degrees C) was 38.6-74.3% higher in dystrophic muscles. The increases were not related to necrotic lesions and inflammation observed. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and catalase were increased in dystrophic muscles but those of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase were unaffected.
Influence of artificial blood contamination of the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
1981
The influence of artificial blood contamination on the quantitative values obtained in the routine examination of the CSF was investigated. On the basis of dilution series from CSF and blood, the correlation between the number of added erythrocytes and the results of leukocyte counts, protein, glucose and IgG estimation was studied. In addition, the influence of the time between CSF sampling and investigation on erythrocytes and leukocytes, IgG, glucose, pH value and ammonia content in CSF contaminated with blood was investigated. The following data relevant to routine examinations resulted: there are linear correlations between the number of erythrocytes artificially added to the CSF and t…