Search results for "GLUTAMATE"

Metabotropic glutamate receptors activate phospholipase D in astrocytes through a protein kinase C-dependent and Rho-independent pathway.

2003

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that mediate phospholipase D (PLD) activation in brain, but the mechanism underlying this response remains unclear. Here we used primary cultures of astrocytes as a cell model to explore the mechanism that links mGluRs to PLD. Glutamate activated both phospholipase C (PLC) and PLD with equal potency and this effect was mimicked by L-cysteinesulfinic acid, a putative neurotransmitter previously shown to activate mGluRs coupled to PLD, but not PLC, in adult brain. PLD activation by glutamate was dependent on Ca(2+) mobilization and fully blocked by both protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC down-regulation, suggesti…

Interaction of Dioxouranium(VI) ion with aspartate and glutamate in NaClaq at different ionic strengths

2005

The formation of complexes species of the dioxouranium(VI) ion with aspartic and glutamic acids was studied in the pH range of 3 to 6 at 25 °C by potentiometric measurements (H+-glass electrode). Results gave evidence for the formation of the following species: (UO2)A0, (UO2)AH+, and (UO2)2A(OH)2 0 (A2- ) a glutamic or aspartic ligand). Investigations were carried out in a NaCl ionic medium at I (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0) mol L-1. The dependence on ionic strength of the formation constants was analyzed by the specific ion interaction theory (SIT) model. The formation constants at infinite dilution, obtained using this model, are log â110 ) 8.53 ( 0.03, 8.37 ( 0.05; log â111 ) 13.60 ( 0.05, 1…

Effect of ligand-binding on protein function

2014

(A,B) In vivo GCaMP6f signals recorded in layers M1, M5 and M9/10 of Mi1 (A) and Tm3 (B) neurons, before (blue, green) and after (gray, red) applicat…

2019

Sensory systems sequentially extract increasingly complex features. ON and OFF pathways, for example, encode increases or decreases of a stimulus from a common input. This ON/OFF pathway split is thought to occur at individual synaptic connections through a sign-inverting synapse in one of the pathways. Here, we show that ON selectivity is a multisynaptic process in the Drosophila visual system. A pharmacogenetics approach demonstrates that both glutamatergic inhibition through GluClα and GABAergic inhibition through Rdl mediate ON responses. Although neurons postsynaptic to the glutamatergic ON pathway input L1 lose all responses in GluClα mutants, they are resistant to a cell-type-specifi…