Search results for "GUT"

Unusual basement layer in the midgut of gammaridean Niphargus virei Chevreux (Crustacea, Amphipoda).

1988

The basement membrane of the midgut and posterior caeca epithelium in the gammaridean amphipod Niphargus virei Chevreux, 1896 is made of an unusual structure. This basal lamina, properly called “basal layer”, shows a dense sheet formed by a system of dense hexagonal plates connected by thin filaments. Histochemical studies and enzymatic reactions lead to the conclusion that these structures are proteinaceous, without collagenous protein, and embedded in a neutral polysaccharide matrix. The possible mechanical significance of these mesenteric structures is discussed.

Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno (1743-1822) y las relaciones entre la química y la farmacia durante el último tercio del siglo XVIII

2001

This paper is part of a general research project on the role that chemistry played in transforming experimental pharmacology during nineteenth-century Spain. Within this general framework, this paper deals with the main characteristics of chemistry textbooks written by Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno (1745-1822), a pharmacist who taught chemistry in several institutions during the late eighteenth century. In an earlier paper, we have analysed the intended public of the first edition of Gutiérrez Bueno`s textbook. This paper deals with the changing institutional context in which the second edition was published. This issue is closely connected with substantial transformations in the relationship betwe…

Llengua i identitat en l’obra de Benvingut Oliver i Joan Baptista Perales

2015

Resum: Aquest treball es proposa analitzar la reacció dels erudits valencians Benvingut Oliver i Joan Baptista Perales davant els postulats de la filologia romànica sobre el català en la segona meitat del segle XIX. A més, tractem de relacionar la posició d’Oliver i Perales amb altres erudits i escriptors del moviment reinaixencista i amb la consciència de comunitat lingüística compartida amb catalans, balears i nord-catalans. A partir de la meitat del Vuitcents els romanistes germànics funden la filologia romànica i constaten que el català és el nom de la llengua pròpia dels territoris de llengua catalana, diferent de l’occità i sense res a veure amb el llemosí amb què era conegut des de p…

The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist – from fundamentals to future challenges

2021

The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundame…

Thermoplastic Properties of Endodontic Gutta-percha: A Thermographic In Vitro Study

2014

Abstract Introduction Endodontic gutta-percha undergoes deformation at temperatures above 65°C. The temperature influence of heat carriers on gutta-percha cones was investigated in vitro. Methods Six single-rooted extracted teeth were embedded in resin and fixed. The root canals were prepared (ProFile; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaiques, Switzerland) to different tapers and bisected. Thermographic images when heating the gutta-percha cones (Roeko, Langenau, Germany) with a heat carrier (ML .12; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) at 1 and 5 mm from the working length were made with an infrared thermal imaging camera (ThermaCam P640; Flir Systems, Taby, Sweden). The device temperature was preset at 200°C. T…

An extended reconstruction of human gut microbiota metabolism for personalized nutrition

2020

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how diet and gut microbiota interact in the context of human health is a key question in personalized nutrition. Genome-scale metabolic networks and constraint-based modeling approaches are promising to systematically address this complex question. However, when applied to nutritional questions, a major issue in existing reconstructions is the lack of information about degradation pathways of relevant nutrients in the diet that are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Here, we present AGREDA, an extended reconstruction of the human gut microbiota metabolism for personalized nutrition. AGREDA includes the degradation pathways of 231 nutrients present in the human diet and…

2014

Type I interferon (IFN-α/β) represents the key element of the antiviral defense mechanisms against most viruses, however, rotaviruses that infect the gut epithelium, display little sensitivity to type I IFN. Here, we report that the intestinal epithelium is a unique cell compartment in the organism that does not depend on type I IFN in antiviral defenses. Type I IFN was unable to induce antiviral gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) that correlated well with low epithelial expression of both chains of the IFN-α/β receptor complex. In stark contrast, IECs strongly responded to IFN-λ on baseline, upon IFN treatment and virus challenge. Commensal microflora was found to establi…

Altered metabolism of gut microbiota contributes to chronic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals.

2015

Altered interplay between gut mucosa and microbiota during treated HIV infection may possibly contribute to increased bacterial translocation and chronic immune activation, both of which are predictors of morbidity and mortality. Although a dysbiotic gut microbiota has recently been reported in HIV + individuals, the metagenome gene pool associated with HIV infection remains unknown. The aim of this study is to characterize the functional gene content of gut microbiota in HIV + patients and to define the metabolic pathways of this bacterial community, which is potentially associated with immune dysfunction. We determined systemic markers of innate and adaptive immunity in a cohort of HIV-in…

Isolation of Desulfovibrio intestinalis sp. nov. from the hindgut' of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis.

1999

A Gram-negative, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from hindgut contents of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt (strain KMS2). Strain KMS2 is motile by a single polar flagellum. The isolate possesses desulfoviridin and catalase activity. The G+C content of its DNA is in the range of 54.5-55.5 mol% (strain KMS2). It respires hydrogen and different low molecular weight organic compounds in the presence of sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite, and also oxygen. The isolated strain ferments pyruvate. Fastest growth with a doubling time of 12.5 h was obtained at 37°C and not at 28°C, the temperature at which the termites were grown. The isolate showed a 16S rDNA seque…

IL-9 IN PsA

2016

Objective. To investigate the expression and tis- sue distribution of Th9-related cytokines in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods. Quantitative gene expression analysis of Th1, Th17, and Th9 cytokines was performed in intestinal biopsy samples obtained from patients with PsA, HLA2B272positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and healthy controls. Expression and tissue distribu- tion of interleukin-23 (IL-23), IL-17, IL-22, IL-9, and IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) were evaluated by immunohisto- chemistry and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to study the frequency of Th9 cells among periph- eral blood, lamina propria, and synovial…