Search results for "Game Theory"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
On Ibn Ezra's Procedure and Shapley Value
2014
We examine ibn Ezra's procedure (Rabinovitch 1973; O'Neill 1982) historically used to solve the Rights Arbitration problem in the general framework of bankruptcy problems. When the greatest claim is larger than or equal to the estate, the procedure is a maximal game (Aumann 2010). However, when the greatest claim is smaller than the estate, the axioms of efficiency (the whole estate is distributed) and satiation are difficult to satisfy simultaneously. We discuss both axioms to show that their importance and necessity are radically different. From then, for the part of the estate not covered by the greatest claim, we examine four possible procedures: the minimal overlap rule, Alcalde et al.…
Group-level analysis on multiplayer game collaboration: how do the individuals shape the group interaction?
2010
In this study, the aim was to examine how small-group collaboration is shaped by individuals interacting in a virtual multiplayer game. The data were collected from a design experiment in which six randomly divided groups of four university students played a voice-enhanced game lasting about 1 h. The ‘eScape’ game was a social action adventure developed as a part of the study. In the analysis of the video data, students' discourse functions during the game were analysed with content analytic methods for studying the nature of their interaction. An effort was made to analyse the data on both group and individual levels, and therefore the participants' prior social ties and experience in gami…
Claws contained in all n-tournaments
1993
Abstract We prove that any claw of order n with degree d≤ 3 8 n is n-unavoidable, which means that any tournament of order n contains it as a subdigraph. A simple corollary is that any tournament has a directed Hamiltonian path.
On symmetric nonlocal games
2013
Abstract Nonlocal games are used to display differences between the classical and quantum world. In this paper, we study symmetric XOR games, which form an important subset of nonlocal games. We give simple methods for calculating the classical and the quantum values for symmetric XOR games with one-bit input per player. We illustrate those methods with two examples. One example is an N -player game (due to Ardehali (1992) [3] ) that provides the maximum quantum-over-classical advantage. The second example comes from generalization of CHSH game by letting the referee to choose arbitrary symmetric distribution of players’ inputs.
Graph connectivity and monadic NP
2002
Ehrenfeucht games are a useful tool in proving that certain properties of finite structures are not expressible by formulas of a certain type. In this paper a new method is introduced that allows the extension of a local winning strategy for Duplicator, one of the two players in Ehrenfeucht games, to a global winning strategy. As an application it is shown that graph connectivity cannot be expressed by existential second-order formulas, where the second-order quantification is restricted to unary relations (monadic NP), even, in the presence of a built-in linear order. As a second application it is stated, that, on the other hand, the presence of a linear order increases the power of monadi…
Balls into non-uniform bins
2014
Balls-into-bins games for uniform bins are widely used to model randomized load balancing strategies. Recently, balls-into-bins games have been analysed under the assumption that the selection probabilities for bins are not uniformly distributed. These new models are motivated by properties of many peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, which are not able to perfectly balance the load over the bins. While previous evaluations try to find strategies for uniform bins under non-uniform bin selection probabilities, this paper investigates heterogeneous bins, where the "capacities" of the bins might differ significantly. We show that heterogeneous environments can even help to distribute the load more eve…
Experimental duopolies under price guarantees
2011
In a symmetric differentiated experimental duopoly we test the ability of Price Guarantees (PGs) to raise prices above the competitive levels. Different types of PGs ("aggressive" and "soft" price-beating and price-matching) are implemented either as an exogenously imposed market rule or as a business strategy. Our results show that PGs may lead close to the collusive outcome, depending on whether the interaction between duopolists is repeated and provided that the guarantee is not of the "aggressive" price-beating type.
Behavioral and Neural Arguments of Motivational Influence on Decision Making During Uncertainty
2020
The scientific world is increasingly interested in motivation, primarily due to the suspected impact on decision-making abilities, particularly in uncertain conditions. To explore this plausible relationship, 28 healthy participants were included in the study and performed decision-making and motivational tasks while their neural activity was recorded. All participants performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and were split into two groups based on their score, one favorable group with 14 participants who performed advantageously and one undecided group with 14 participants who failed to develop the correct strategy on the IGT. In addition, all participants performed the Effort Expenditure fo…
Basel III: Countercyclical Capital Buffer Proposal-the Case of Baltics
2014
Abstract The objective of countercyclical capital buffer is to encourage banks to build up buffers in good times that can be drawn down in bad times. The aim of the report is to assess such decisions by banks derived from two approaches. The approaches are the aggregate credit-to-GDP ratio as well as credit growth. The approaches are implemented for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania for the time period 2000–2012. The report compares two approaches and analyses their relevance to the Baltic states by testing the correlation between a growth in studied variables and a growth of corresponding gaps. Methods used in the empirical part of the report are econometric analysis as well as economic analys…
Cooperation among competitors: A comparison of cost-sharing mechanisms
2016
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the consequences of using outcome-based versus ex ante-based cost-sharing mechanisms in terms of competing firms' profitability and total welfare. We consider two firms making a joint expenditure, which can positively affect firms' demand and/or unit operating costs, while competing in the final market by setting either price or quantity. We compare two outcome-based cost-sharing mechanisms, i.e., Quantity Proportional (QP) and Total Margin proportional (TM), with the more competitive Fixed Share (FS) mechanism where cost-sharing is set up on an ex ante basis. We show that outcome-based mechanisms, and even a fully collusive behavior induced by the opt…