Search results for "Game Theory"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
Cooperation and Status in Organizations
2010
We report the results of experiments designed to test the effect of social status on contributions to a public good, with and without punishment. The experiments are conducted in four-person groups in a “star” network, where one central player observes and is observed by the others. This imposes a social structure on the game, and gives the central player a leadership role in the group, simply by virtue of being commonly observed. We further manipulate status by allocating the central position to the person who earns the highest, or the lowest, score on a trivia quiz. These high-status and low-status treatments are compared, and we find that the effect of organizational structure—the existe…
Can easy-to-use software deliver effective e-learning in dental education? A randomised controlled study
2012
Introduction: For the production of computer-based learning environments, a wide range of software solutions can be used which differ not only in their functionality but also vary in cost and ease to program. The aim of our study was to evaluate the overall efficiency and student′s perception of two case-based e-learning programs that were produced with either an easy-to-use or a complex software. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five dental students were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. One group studied with a laborious, high-interactive e-learning program (complex-software group). The second group studied within a low-interactive learning environment (easy-software gro…
Towards Understanding Startup Product Development as Effectual Entrepreneurial Behaviors
2017
With the rapid development of technology and competitiveness of IT sectors, the speed of learning and evolving is vital for success of software startups. However, software startups often face with multiple technical and business challenges, which lengthen the duration of their idea-to-launch process. Little is known about the relation of entrepreneurial characteristics of software startups and their product development. We conducted an empirical study on twenty software startups to understand their challenges that leads long idea-to-launch processes. Six engineering-related challenges were identified and interpreted via a lens of an entrepreneurial behavior theory. Our main finding is that …
Sharing economy and dynamic pricing: Is the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry time-dependent?
2021
Abstract Prior literature has reported significant price and revenue reductions in the hotel industry due to the emergence of Airbnb. Other studies have documented that hotels' price reactions to the penetration of Airbnb depend on their service level, e.g., low/medium-end versus high end. Relying on a large sample from the Italian market, we contribute by showing that the effect of Airbnb on hotels' price decisions does not only depend on incumbents’ quality level, but also on the difference between booking and check-in time. That is, the effect of the penetration of Airbnb on hotels' dynamic price decisions varies over time depending on the core segment hotels target.
THE LEARNING OUTCOMES APPROACH IN FORMAL SECOND CHANCE EDUCATION : CASE OF LATVIA
2015
This paper focusses on the use of a learning outcomes approach based on the empirical quantitative data gathered from 82 teachers of the second chance education institutions in Latvia. For this purpose, built on the academic literature and policy documents’ review the author attempts to define the learning outcomes approach. The analysis of the empirical data presents elements of the use of the approach in the setting of a second chance education in Latvia and provides initial findings to support more coherent learning outcome based formal second chance education.
Risk Accelerators in Disasters
2014
Published version of a chapter in the book: Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07881-6_2 Modern societies are increasingly threatened by disasters that require rapid response through ad-hoc collaboration among a variety of actors and organizations. The complexity within and across today's societal, economic and environmental systems defies accurate predictions and assessments of damages, humanitarian needs, and the impact of aid. Yet, decision-makers need to plan, manage and execute aid response under conditions of high uncertainty while being prepared for further disruptions and failures. This paper argues tha…
A Functional Framework for Evaluating Method Engineering Environments: the case of Maestro II/ Decamerone and MetaEdit+
1996
CASE environments with method customisation capabilities and Computer Aided Method Engineering (CAME) environments have emerged during the last few years. While many research papers discuss the principles of method engineering and suggest requirements for new environments, we do not have critical evaluations of CAME environments using a wider method engineering framework. The aims of this study are twofold: 1) to build a preliminary framework for comparative studies of CAME environments, and 2) to increase the knowledge of the ‘state of the art’ in CAME by evaluating two CAME environments. We adapt a functional framework — originally built for CASE technology — to examine the following two …
High Level Planning of Reconfigurable Enterprises: a Game Theoretic Approach
2006
Reconfigurable Enterprises (REs) represent production networks made of different and geographically dispersed plants that, in case of unpredictable market changes, can be reconfigured in order to gather a specific production objective. However, REs effectiveness and efficiency depend on the extent to which global performance is obtained. Basically two approaches are available to reach coordination: centralised or decentralised planning tools. In this paper, the authors propose a novel cooperative game theoretical approach for distributed production planning at high level of a RE; the proposed approach has been benchmarked in front of both a distributed one, based on negotiation, and a centr…
Does the ideal entrepreneurial team exist?
2021
Up until now, studies on entrepreneurs and their relationship to business performance have focused primarily on analyzing the entrepreneur as an individual. While studies have been conducted on the entrepreneurial team, their focus has centered on team size and degree of diversity - cultural, age, gender - leaving a gap in the analysis of the effect of a team’s competencies on the outcome of the ventures. This research aims to help fill this gap by using the psychometric instrument DISC. This research analyzes entrepreneurship by opportunity, evaluating the performance of 109 Colombian companies and the composition of their entrepreneurial teams. The results obtained provide the basis for b…
Evolutionary Game Dynamics for Collective Decision Making in Structured and Unstructured Environments
2017
Abstract For a large population of players we consider a collective decision making process with three possible choices: option A or B or no option. The more popular option is more likely to be chosen by uncommitted players and cross-inhibitory signals can be sent to attract players committed to a different option. This model originates in the context of honeybees swarms, and we generalise it to accommodate other applications such as duopolistic competition and opinion dynamics. The first contribution is an evolutionary game model and a corresponding new game dynamics called expected gain pairwise comparison dynamics explaining how the strategic behaviour of the players may lead to deadlock…