Search results for "Game Theory"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
Game theory and contemporary conflicts
2019
GAME THEORY AND CONTEMPORARY CONFLICTSThe article presents the application of game theory in the context of civil and military security. Game theory is used to study conflict situations involving more than one decision-maker. Special emphasis was given to the significant role of information in modern military operations. The article contains examples illustrating similarities between civil and military problems.
Assortment, but not knowledge of assortment, affects cooperation and individual success in human groups
2017
The success or failure of human collective action often depends on the cooperation tendencies of individuals in groups, and on the information that individuals have about each other's cooperativeness. However, it is unclear whether these two factors have an interactive effect on cooperation dynamics. Using a decision-making experiment, we confirm that groups comprising individuals with higher cooperation tendencies cooperate at a higher level than groups comprising individuals with low cooperation tendencies. Moreover, assorting individuals with similar cooperation tendency together affected behaviour so that the most cooperative individuals tended to cooperate more and the least cooperativ…
Multi-Criteria Decision Making support system for pancreatic islet transplantation
2011
Pancreatic islet transplantation consists of replacing insulin-producing cells to restore normal glycemia in diabetic patients. This is a minimal invasive procedure that has been proved successful. Unfortunately unpredictability of islet transplant outcome remains a frustrating and costly issue limiting the clinical implementation of this procedure. Multiple variables are involved in the procedure and assessment is subjective to individual operators. The aim of this study was to generate a system expressing the probability of transplant success in relation to four classes of identified variables (donor, organ, isolation and recipient). We have proposed the utilization of Multi-Criteria Deci…
How paradoxical is ‘paradoxical’ outcome? : Different pathways and implications
2021
The present special issue includes single and multiple case studies which report on the phenomenon of ‘paradoxical’ outcomes in psychotherapy, operationalized as discordant outcome assessments within the same case. In an attempt to find ground for my published response, I endeavored to juxtaposition the cases from the different studies, and by doing that gain an overview of the contributions and arguments. As a result of that exercise, I suggest three different types of paradoxical outcome with different pathways and implications. Discussing the concept of ‘illusory mental health’ as a possible explanation for paradoxical outcome, I suggest that self-ratings within a nonclinical range, give…
Conflict, Evolution, Hegemony, and the Power of the State
2013
In a model of evolution driven by conflict between societies more powerful states have an advantage. When the influence of outsiders is small we show that this results in a tendency to hegemony. In a simple example in which institutions differ in their “exclusiveness” we find that these hegemonies will be inefficiently “extractive” in the sense of having inefficiently high taxes, high compensation for state officials, and low welfare.
Expectations as Reference Points: Field Evidence from Professional Soccer
2015
We show that professional soccer players and their coaches exhibit reference-dependent behavior during matches. Controlling for the state of the match and for unobserved heterogeneity, we show on a minute-by-minute basis that players breach the rules of the game, measured by the referee’s assignment of cards, significantly more often if their teams are behind the expected match outcome, measured by preplay betting odds of large professional bookmakers. We further show that coaches implement significantly more offensive substitutions if their teams are behind expectations. Both types of behaviors impair the expected ultimate match outcome of the team, which shows that our findings do not si…
Building trust in the sharing economy: Current approaches and future considerations
2021
The sharing economy could be an answer to the challenge of sustainability; it can facilitate the sharing and reuse of resources, create new ways of earning money, and enhance social connections. For example, by reducing the use of natural resources without having to acquire or own everything, the sharing economy can positively affect sustainability. At the core of this type of economy lies trust among users and between users and the platform—the system cannot reach its full potential without trust. In fact, businesses or organizations in the sharing economy can even fail due to trust issues, although more information is needed to make better use of the existing platforms. The aim of this sy…
Revisiting the Salt Lake City Olympic scandal: Would the outcome be different today?
2016
Many international sport organizations face bribery scandals resulting from its event bidding process. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) faced this type of scandal with the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. Two members of the Salt Lake City Organizing Committee (SLOC) faced 15 criminal charges from providing more than US$1.2 million in cash and gifts to entice IOC members to support its bid. Ultimately both SLOC members were acquitted of all charges. Can a new interpretation of the United States’ anti-bribery law, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), be effective in preventing similar sport scandals? peerReviewed
Digitalization and Evolution of Business Model Pathways Among Japanese Software SMEs
2019
This chapter analyzes five Japanese software small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to better understand how their decision-making pathways inside the organization evolve as they develop new business models. Event-state mapping method was applied to analyze the business model pathways of the case firms. We found that once triggered, pathways included various actors and a series of steps until an outcome, the new business model, was reached. The findings indicate that the decision pathways to new models became increasingly complex over the years and the number of individuals and teams involved increases as business model evolved further. peerReviewed
Predicting response to interpersonal counselling (IPC) from case formulation : a systematic comparison between recovered and unchanged depressive cas…
2019
We sought to explore how the process between the counsellor and patient for arriving at a case formulation may predict the outcome of manualized interpersonal counselling (IPC) for depression in primary care. Qualitative content analysis and applied conversation analysis (CA) were used to achieve depth in the understanding of case formulation process among five patients who recovered and five who were unchanged according to quantitative post-treatment change rates derived from Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation– Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). Interaction in the case formulations for the recovered group was generally characterized by a joint construction effort between the counsellor and th…