Search results for "Gate"

Modulation of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels by pumiliotoxin 251D: A “joint venture” alkaloid from arthropods and amphibians

2008

Abstract Certain amphibians provide themselves with a chemical defense by accumulating lipophilic alkaloids into skin glands from dietary arthropods. Examples of such alkaloids are pumiliotoxins (PTXs). In general, PTXs are known as positive modulators of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Unlike other PTXs, PTX 251D does not share this characteristic. However, mice and insect studies showed that PTX 251D is highly toxic and to date the basis of its toxicity remains unknown. In this work, we searched for the possible target of PTX 251D . The toxin was therefore made synthetically and tested on four VGSCs (mammalian rNa v 1.2/β 1 , rNa v 1.4/β 1 , hNa v 1.5/β 1 and insect Para/tipE ) and…

Polymorphism and solvates of flecainide base

2013

Flecainide base is pharmaceutically active substance used for production of flecainide acetate which is known in market as Tambacor, Almarytm, Apocard, Ecrinal or Flecaine. It is determined that flecainide base forms four polymorphic forms abbreviated as Ib, IIb, IIIb and IVb. Flecainide base form Ib is thermodynamically stable form at laboratory temperature while form IIIb is stable at higher temperatures. Flecainide form Ib absorbs water in its structure between layers and forms non-stoichiometric hydrate. Flecainide base binds with organic solvents and form monosolvates. Flecainide base form Ib crystallizes in orthorhombic crystals with lattice parameters a = 27.88 Å, b = 13.78 Å, c = 9.…

Methods for Transient Expression of Hetero-Oligomeric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

2003

Astrocytic potassium and calcium channels as integrators of the inflammatory and ischemic CNS microenvironment.

2021

Abstract Astrocytes are key regulators of their surroundings by receiving and integrating stimuli from their local microenvironment, thereby regulating glial and neuronal homeostasis. Cumulating evidence supports a plethora of heterogenic astrocyte subpopulations that differ morphologically and in their expression patterns of receptors, transporters and ion channels, as well as in their functional specialisation. Astrocytic heterogeneity is especially relevant under pathological conditions. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), morphologically distinct astrocytic subtypes were identified and could be linked to transcriptome changes dur…

Agent assisted interactive algorithm for computationally demanding multiobjective optimization problems

2015

Abstract We generalize the applicability of interactive methods for solving computationally demanding, that is, time-consuming, multiobjective optimization problems. For this purpose we propose a new agent assisted interactive algorithm. It employs a computationally inexpensive surrogate problem and four different agents that intelligently update the surrogate based on the preferences specified by a decision maker. In this way, we decrease the waiting times imposed on the decision maker during the interactive solution process and at the same time decrease the amount of preference information expected from the decision maker. The agent assisted algorithm is not specific to any interactive me…

Protein aggregates for water purification

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies including lakes, rivers, oceans and it is a leading global risk factor for illness and death for people, plants and living organisms. A principal source of water pollution is industry, from which increasing amounts of toxic pollutants are released including heavy metals such as cobalt, lead and copper. Today various technologies for purifying contaminated water can be applied, a lot of them being typically expensive, ion specific and characterised by low efficiency. For these reason, the search of new biocompatible materials with increased capabilities is strongly needed.Protein aggregates have already revealed their potential as environm…

Towards Graphical Query Notation for Semantic Databases

2015

We describe a notation and a tool for schema-enabled visual/diagrammatic creation of SPARQL queries over RDF databases. The notation and the tool support both the standard basic query pattern comprising a main query class and possibly linked condition classes and means for aggregate query definition and placing conditions over aggregates including also aggregation of aggregate results. We discuss the applicability of the tool for ad-hoc query formulation in practical use cases.

Web Monitoring System and Gateway for Serial Communication PLC

2012

Abstract An industrial process requires interacting with the rest of the plant, being able to exchange data with other devices and monitoring systems in order to optimize production, reporting information and providing control capabilities to distant users. Internet, and, especially web browsers are an excellent tool to provide information for remote users, allowing not only monitoring but also controlling the industrial process as an SCADA software or HMI system. The proposed system does not need specific proprietary software and its associated license costs. In this work, a webserver system is implemented under a Freescale microcontroller, acting as a gateway for a simple PLC with single …

Fast nonstationary preconditioned iterative methods for ill-posed problems, with application to image deblurring

2013

We introduce a new iterative scheme for solving linear ill-posed problems, similar to nonstationary iterated Tikhonov regularization, but with an approximation of the underlying operator to be used for the Tikhonov equations. For image deblurring problems, such an approximation can be a discrete deconvolution that operates entirely in the Fourier domain. We provide a theoretical analysis of the new scheme, using regularization parameters that are chosen by a certain adaptive strategy. The numerical performance of this method turns out to be superior to state-of-the-art iterative methods, including the conjugate gradient iteration for the normal equation, with and without additional precondi…

City gates of Augustodunum and their architectural models (Gaul, Italy, Western Provinces of the Roman Empire)

2012

Augustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, roman city founded under the reign of Augustus, was equipped with four roman city gates : the gate of Arroux and the gate of Saint André, both well preserved, the gate of Saint Andoche which sole remaining part is a flanking tower, and the gate of Rome, destroyed long ago.The heart of this study lies in the stratigraphic reading of those gates structure and in thoughts about the building site of Autun’s city gates operating process. Moreover, since the 16th century, antiquaries, travelers and artists have described in many ways their visits to the roman city gates of Autun. These accounts constitute a major documentary collection of written and iconographical…