Search results for "Gender differences"
showing 10 items of 95 documents
Gender differences in career advancements in Italian universities over the last 20 years
2023
This article deals with gender differences in Italian universities in the last 20 years in terms of career advancements. Data are taken from the MUR (Ministry of University and Research) archive. In Italy, career advancements are still much easier for men, even if the gender gap has slowly narrowed in the last decades. The novelty of this paper is the analysis through event-history analysis models on the time elapsed to receive a promotion (from assistant to associate professor and from associate to full professor). The event-history analysis applied to career advancements has revealed that women take, on average, about one and a half more years than men to advance, with some differences am…
Gender differences in Italian STEM degree courses: a discrete-time competing-risks model
2020
In this paper, we highlight possible gender differences in performance of students attending Italian university STEM degree courses, controlling for sociodemographic and territorial variables.We used the micro-data from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research database of the 2011-12 freshmen cohort enrolled at an Italian bachelor university degree course. The analysis was dealt with by fitting a discrete-time competing-risks model. Bachelor degree graduation, dropout, and change to non-STEM courses were considered as competing events. The aim is to highlight gender gaps in the student performance, and the STEM courses where this gap is more critical.
Are Women More Empathetic than Men? A Longitudinal Study in Adolescence
2009
Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empat…
Evidence for shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits. A twin study
2019
Background and objectives: Behavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. Methods: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of…
Gender-differences in disease distribution and outcome in hospitalized elderly: data from the REPOSI study.
2014
none 330 Women live longer and outnumber men. On the other hand, older women develop more chronic diseases and conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis and depression, leading to a greater number of years of living with disabilities. The aim of this study was to describe whether or not there are gender differences in the demographic profile, disease distribution and outcome in a population of hospitalized elderly people.Retrospective observational study including all patients recruited for the REPOSI study in the year 2010. Analyses are referred to the whole group and gender categorization was applied.A total of 1380 hospitalized elderly subjects, 50.5\% women and 49.5\% men, were conside…
La predicción de la satisfacción con la vida en personas mayores de Angola: el efecto moderador del género
2014
ResumenExiste abundante investigación que ha estudiado la satisfacción vital en personas mayores y ha encontrado evidencia empírica de sus mejores predictores. Cuando se estudia la satisfacción con la vida de las personas mayores y sus predictores se hallan diferencias en función del género incluyendo, por ejemplo, las interacciones con la viudedad. En este contexto, el presente estudio se ha centrado en los siguientes objetivos: (1) poner a prueba la invarianza en función del género de una medida de satisfacción con la vida, (2) predecir la satisfacción vital usando varias variables relacionadas con el proceso de envejecimiento y (3) poner a prueba el potencial efecto moderador del género …
Relation between current alcohol consumption and attitude towards alcohol use among students
2020
Assessing the metacognitive reading awareness of Finnish high school students
2015
Kyky lukea akateemisia tekstejä englannin kielellä on entistä tärkeämpi taito kolmannen asteen koulutuksessa. Pohja tälle taidolle muodostuu toisen asteen koulutuksessa, eli useimmiten lukiossa. Toisen kielen – useimmiten siis englannin – opetussuunnitelman neljäs kurssi keskittyy lukustrategioiden opettamiseen. Lukustrategioita opetetaan, koska niillä on tutkitusti merkitystä etenkin haastavissa toisen kielen teksteissä, joita oppilaat tulevat kohtaamaan. ”Strategia” ymmärretään usein tietoiseksi prosessiksi, jossa lukija on tietoinen käyttäessään strategiaa. Tietoisuuden ollessa mukana puhutaan metakognitiivisista lukustrategioista. Näiden strategioiden käyttöön on luotu kysely, jota tämä…
Satisfacción laboral de los asalariados en España
2012
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores determinantes del nivel de satisfacción laboral de los asalariados en España, haciendo especial hincapié en las diferencias de género y de nacionalidad. Para ello, se estima un modelo de respuesta múltiple ordenada, utilizando los datos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo, para el período que abarca desde 2006 a 2010. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, después de controlar por las características personales y laborales de los asalariados, se obtiene un diferencial positivo en la satisfacción laboral en favor de las mujeres, mientras que no se evidencia la existencia de un efecto diferencial entre los asalariados nativos…
Kindergarten pre-reading skills predict Grade 9 reading comprehension (PISA Reading) but fail to explain gender difference
2020
AbstractOne of the aims for compulsory education is to diminish or alleviate differences in children’s skills existing prior to school entry. However, a growing gender gap in reading development has increasingly been documented. Regrettably, there is scant evidence on whether differences between genders (favouring girls) have their roots in pre-reading skills or whether determining mechanisms are related to factors to do with schooling. We examined the extent to which pre-reading skills assessed in Kindergarten (age 6) predict reading comprehension in Grade 9 (age 15) and, whether the gender difference in reading comprehension can be explained by gender differences in the Kindergarten pre-r…