Search results for "Generation"
showing 10 items of 3050 documents
On thermoeconomics of energy systems at variable load conditions: integrated optimization of plant design and operation
2007
Abstract Thermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems, its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting, plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However, the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasi-steady operation, but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper, the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed, examining the cost formation process an…
Life cycle energy and environmental impacts of a solid oxide fuel cell micro-CHP system for residential application
2019
Abstract Fuel cells are considered one of the key technologies to reach the ambitious European goal of a low carbon economy, by reducing CO2 emissions and limiting the production of other pollutants. The manuscript presents an assessment of the life cycle energy and environmental performances of a solid oxide fuel cell system for household applications using primary data from the manufacturing phase and experimental data for the start-up and operation phases. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied, based on a functional unit of 1 MJ of exergy and includes the life cycle steps from the raw materials extraction to the maintenance. The results show a particular relevance of the opera…
A methodology for selecting a sustainable development strategy for connecting low heat density consumers to a district heating system by cascading of…
2021
Abstract The paper presents a methodology for supporting the decision making on how to sustainably develop an existing district heating system when consumers located in a remote, low-heat consumption density area are connected to the system. Several scenarios are proposed where a multi-generative system is assessed by implementation of industrial heat pumps (HP), solar photovoltaic (PV) system, and low-temperature regime into an existing district heating system in various combinations. The methodology is based on multi-criteria analysis allowing for energy, economic, exergy, and environmental (4E) assessment. The research is based on a case study of an autonomous district heating system in …
Exergy analysis and thermoeconomic cost accounting of a Combined Heat and Power steam cycle integrated with a Multi Effect Distillation-Thermal Vapou…
2017
Abstract In this paper an exergy analysis and thermoeconomic cost accounting of a Combined Heat and Power steam cycle integrated with Multi Effect Distillation-Thermal Vapour Compression plant is performed; the goal of the study is to show how these methodologies provide a rational criterion to allocate production costs on electricity and freshwater in such a dual purpose system. After a brief overview on the methodology and a description of reference plant, exergy analysis is carried out to calculate exergy flows and exergy efficiencies at component level. A detailed description of the adopted thermoeconomic model is given. In a first scenario, cost accounting is performed assuming that th…
A life cycle assessment of tri-generation from biomass waste: The experience of the “agro-combined” of Thibar
2020
Abstract The paper presents a life cycle assessment of energy produced by biogas obtained by biomass waste and fuelled in a tri-generation pilot plant located in Tunisia. The results, referred to 1 MJ of exergy, showed that the plant construction causes 76% of primary energy consumption and gives a contribution higher than 90% on resource depletion and ionizing radiation, and of 50% on ozone depletion. Operation causes 66% of the impact on human toxicity—cancer effects and more than 90% of the other impacts, except for ecotoxicity of freshwater mainly caused during the end of life. The study is one of the first applications of environmental analysis to tri-generation from waste in developin…
Reverse electrodialysis heat engine with multi-effect distillation: Exergy analysis and perspectives
2019
Abstract The increasing worldwide energy demand is rising the interest on alternative power production technologies based on renewable and emission-free energy sources. In this regard, the closed-loop reverse electrodialysis heat engine is a promising technology with the potential to convert low-grade heat into electric power. The reverse electrodialysis technology has been under investigation in the last years to explore the real potentials for energy generation from natural and artificial solutions, and recent works have been addressing also the potential of its coupling with regeneration strategies, looking at medium and large energy supply purposes. In this work, for the first time, a c…
Advanced energetics of a Multiple-Effects-Evaporation (MEE) desalination plant. Part II: Potential of the cost formation process and prospects for en…
2010
This paper represents the 2nd part of a paper in two parts. In part I a 2nd Principle analysis of a Multiple- Effects-Evaporation (MEE) process has been proposed. In this Part II perspectives for process improvement will be investigated, along two distinct research lines: the thermoeconomics-aided optimization of a new system and the increase of thermal efficiency for existing systems by a pinch-based plant retrofit. As concerns the first research line, a detailed productive structure for the plant stage (i.e. effect) examined in Part I is presented; the cost formation structure is then used to improve a simplified optimization process, revealing capable to properly reflect the interactions…
Transnational Political Activities of the Swedish Finn Youth Organization
2017
This article looks at the Swedish Finn Youth Organization’s transnational political activities, and how they have developed. In the beginning, the youth organization modelled itself after its mother organization and joined the Finnish Expatriate Parliament (FEP), which made its participation in transnational practices easy. The case study of the Swedish Finn Youth Organization in Stockholm, Sweden, demonstrates that if the younger generation is given an opportunity to establish and govern their own associations, new forms of organization can be expected. The younger generation has distinguished itself from the older generation’s associations by cooperating with other minorities and taking m…
Educational Inequalities of the Second GenerationIn France and in the United States: school careers and attainment
2009
09025; Document de travail. Rapport pour la Nuffield Foundation. 34 p.; This paper aims to compare the educational outcomes of the second generation in France and in the United States and therefore to shape the patterns of educational inequality in both countries. The comparison is focused on children from two groups: North Africans in France and Mexicans in the US (compared to French born families and White third generation). By using two longitudinal datasets, the National Educational Panel Survey (Panel 95) of the French Ministry of Education and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we examine their educational aspiration, careers and attainment in secondary…
Exposure to radial extracorporeal shockwaves induces muscle regeneration after muscle injury in a surgical rat model
2019
The leading cause of training interruption in sport is a muscle injury, for which the standard treatment is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To find alternative treatments, we investigated whether the radial extracorporeal shockwave application (rESWT) could stimulate muscle regeneration. A lesion with complete rupture (grade III muscle tear) was set in the musculus rectus femoris of 12-week-old Wistar rats, and the NSAID diclofenac, rESWT, or a combined therapy were applied on day 0, 3, and 5 directly following the surgery. Rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery and the area of muscle lesion was excised for histological and gene expression analysis to determin…