Search results for "Gestation"

2020

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) devices using variable (vf-) and continuous (cf-) flow or synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (s-NIPPV) are used to prevent or treat intermittent hypoxia (IH) in preterm infants. Results concerning which is most effective vary. We aimed to investigate the effect of s-NIPPV and vf-NCPAP compared to cf-NCPAP on the rate of IH episodes. Preterm infants with a gestational age of 24.9–29.7 weeks presenting with IH while being treated with cf-NCPAP were monitored for eight hours, then randomized to eight hours of treatment with vf-NCPAP or s-NIPPV. Data from 16 infants were analyzed. Due to an unexpectedly low sample size…

Low-risk isn’t no-risk: Perinatal treatments and the health of low-income newborns

2019

We investigate the effects of perinatal medical treatments on low-income newborns who are classified as low-risk. A policy rule in The Netherlands states that low-risk deliveries before week 37 should be supervised by physicians and later deliveries only by midwives with no physician present. This creates large discontinuities in the probability of receiving medical interventions only physicians are allowed to perform. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that babies born slightly before the week-37 cutoff are significantly less likely to die than babies born slightly later. Our data suggest that physician supervision of birth reduces the likelihood of adverse events such as fet…

Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells

2019

[Background] Own mother’s milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM.

Recognizable neonatal clinical features of aplasia cutis congenita

2020

Abstract Background Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), classified in nine groups, is likely to be underreported, since milder isolated lesions in wellbeing newborns could often be undetected, and solitary lesions in the context of polymalformative syndromes could not always be reported. Regardless of form and cause, therapeutic options have in common the aim to restore the deficient mechanical and immunological cutaneous protection and to limit the risk of fluid leakage or rupture of the exposed organs. We aimed to review our institutional prevalence, comorbidities, treatment and outcome of newborns with ACC. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including all newborns affected by ACC and …

Blood cell transcript levels in 5-year-old children as potential markers of breastfeeding effects in those small for gestational age at birth

2019

BackgroundNutrition of the newborn during the early postnatal period seems to be of capital importance and there is clinical evidence showing the protective effect of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding on childhood obesity and its comorbidities. Infants born small for gestation age may be more sensitive to the type of feeding during lactation. Here, we aimed to analyze the impact of birth weight and the type of infant feeding on the expression levels in peripheral blood cells of selected candidate genes involved in energy homeostasis in 5-year-old children, to find out potential early biomarkers of metabolic programming effects during this period of metabolic plasticity.MethodsFort…

Protein expression in submandibular glands of young rats is modified by a high-fat/high-sugar maternal diet

2018

International audience; OBJECTIVE: Maternal diet has consequences on many organs of the offspring, but salivary glands have received little attention despite the importance of the saliva secretory function in oral health and control of food intake. The objective of this work was therefore to document in rats the impact of maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet (Western Diet) on submandibular glands of the progeny. DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rat dams were fed either a Western diet or control diet during gestation and lactation and their pups were sacrificed 25 days after birth. The pups' submandibular gland protein content was characterized by means of 2D-electrophoresis followed by LC-MS/MS. Data we…

The Effectiveness of an Oral Sensorimotor Stimulation Protocol for the Early Achievement of Exclusive Oral Feeding in Premature Infants. A Randomized…

2019

Aims: This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an oral stimulation protocol in preterm infants compared to usual care, to reduce the time for achieving safe full oral feeding.Methods: 47 preterm infants (25- 30 weeks of gestational age) were randomized into two groups. Babies of the EG (n = 24) received a 10-minute oral stimulation protocol while the CG (n = 23) received the standard care. The primary outcome were the days from the initiation of the intervention until the achievement of full oral feeding. Secondary outcomes were: days from the first day the intervention started until achieving a first oral intake of 30% in the first 5 minutes, days from the first day the inte…

Changes of the ratio between myelin thickness and axon diameter in human developing sural, femoral, ulnar, facial, and trochlear nerves

1988

Previous studies on sural nerves were extended to human femoral, ulnar, facial and trochlear nerves. As asynchronous development of axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness was noted in all nerves studied. Whereas axons reach their maximal diameter by or before 5 years of age, maximal myelin sheath thickness is not attained before 16-17 years of age, i.e., more than 10 years later. The slope of the regression lines for the ratio between axon diameter and myelin thickness is significantly steeper in older than in younger individuals; it also differs if small and large fibers with more or less than 50 myelin lamellae are evaluated separately. The number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures during …

Serum Malondialdehyde in HIV Seropositive Children

1998

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with oxidative stress as it has been demonstrated in adult seropositive individuals. We show in this study that serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of HIV infected children was significantly higher than in control children. Moreover, a statistically significant decreased serum antioxidant status was detected in HIV infected children when compared with controls. No correlation was found in HIV infected children between their clinical or immunological categories, CD4+ lymphocyte count or CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and MDA concentration or serum antioxidant status. Newborn from HIV seropositive mothers had also a higher MDA concentration i…

Frequency and characterization of DNA methylation defects in children born SGA

2012

Various genes located at imprinted loci and regulated by epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the control of growth and differentiation. The broad phenotypic variability of imprinting disorders suggests that individuals with inborn errors of imprinting might remain undetected among patients born small for gestational age (SGA). We evaluated quantitative DNA methylation analysis at differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of 10 imprinted loci (PLAGL1, IGF2R DMR2, GRB10, H19 DMR, IGF2, MEG3, NDN, SNRPN, NESP, NESPAS) by bisulphite pyrosequencing in 98 patients born SGA and 50 controls. For IGF2R DMR2, methylation patterns of additional 47 parent pairs and one mother (95 individuals) of patie…