Search results for "Gestation"
showing 10 items of 517 documents
The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods.
2021
Background Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. Objectives The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system,…
Distribution of maternity units and spatial access to specialised care for women delivering before 32 weeks of gestation in Europe
2010
Contains fulltext : 88841.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Survival and quality of life are improved for very preterm babies when delivery occurs in a maternity unit with on-site neonatal intensive care (level III unit). We investigated the impact of distance on the probability of delivering in such a unit for births before 32 weeks of gestation from 9 European regions with diverse perinatal health systems (the MOSAIC cohort). We analysed distances between women's homes, and the nearest level III in population quartiles, adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Living farther away from a level III reduced access to specialised care everywhere; in some regions women re…
A Decision-Tree Approach to Assist in Forecasting the Outcomes of the Neonatal Brain Injury
2021
Neonatal brain injury or neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant morbidity and mortality factor in preterm and full-term newborns. NE has an incidence in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 per 1000 live births carrying a considerable burden for neurological outcomes such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments, and hydrocephaly. Many scoring systems based on different risk factor combinations in regression models have been proposed to predict abnormal outcomes. Birthweight, gestational age, Apgar scores, pH, ultrasound and MRI biomarkers, seizures onset, EEG pattern, and seizure duration were the most referred predictors in the literature. Our study proposes a decision-tree approach b…
Speech and language development of children born at 32 weeks' gestation: a 5-year prospective follow-up study
2008
Speech and language comprehension and production were assessed at the age of 5 years in a cohort of children born preterm at 32 weeks' gestational age (N=55) in comparison with children born at term and of similar age, sex, and social backgrounds. Data both including and excluding major neurological disabilities are presented. Mean performance for the entire group of preterm children was significantly lower than for the controls on most of the measures including the composite IQ scores. When the nine children who had major neurological disabilities were excluded from the preterm “group, statistically significant differences were found on four of the total 12 speech and language measures. In…
Bilateral agenesis/aplasia of the lungs: report of a second case in the offspring of one woman.
1995
Congenital absence of both lungs is an extremely rare malformation in humans and is thought to occur sporadically. We report the second case of congenital absence of both lungs in the offspring of one woman. In neither case, one female baby (born at term) and one aborted female fetus (21 weeks of gestation), were anomalies or malformations of other organ systems observed. The karyotype of the aborted fetus was 46,XX. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing bilateral pulmonary agenesis in two offspring of one mother. The repetition of virtually the same isolated abnormality with no other malformations supports the hypothesis that it could be caused by a genetic disorder. Other …
Economic analysis of the costs associated with prematurity from a literature review
2012
International audience; Abstract : Objectives : To analyse published cost-of-illness studies that had assessed the cost of prematurity according to gestational age at birth. Methods : A review of the literature was carried out in March 2011 using the following databases: Medline, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, Econlit and Business Source Premier, and a French Public-Health database. Key-word sequences related to ‘prematurity’ and ‘costs’ were considered. Studies that assessed costs according to the gestational age (GA) at the premature birth (<37 weeks of gestation) in industrialized countries and during the last two decades were included. Variations in the reported costs were anal…
Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and fetal growth in a cohort of pregnant women
2012
Objectives Scant evidence is available on effects of air pollution on longitudinally measured fetal biometry, and thus it remains unclear as to whether there are critical windows of exposure or specificity of effects. Our objective was to examine the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during pregnancy and fetal and neonatal anthropometry in a cohort of Spanish women. Methods Temporally adjusted land-use regression was used to estimate exposure to NO2 at home addresses. Biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated in each trimester by ultrasound. As neonatal outcomes, weight, length and head cir…
Interactive Guidance Intervention to Address Sustained Social Withdrawal in Preterm Infants in Chile: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
2020
Background Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26) than infants born full term, and there is a correlation between weight at birth and sustained social withdrawal at 12 months of age. Objective The aims of this study are to comp…
Studies on the kinetics and renal excretion of low and high molecular weight dextrans in preterm babies, newborns and young infants.
1977
Administration of low and high molecular weight dextrans in the initial phase of shock is no longer controversial. The special conditions in newborns, however, have been insufficiently considered in planning therapy. This investigation aimed at determining the biological half-lives of dextran 40 (Rheomacrodex®) and dextran 60 (Macrodex®) in this age group. The half-life of dextran 40 was found to be 60 min and that of dextran 60 3 h. Preterm babies and newborns excrete up to 25% less dextran 40 and 60 in 24 h than infants and adults. Normal adult values for excretion are only reached towards the end of the first year of life.
Prevalence of hypospadias in Italy according to severity, gestational age and birthweight: an epidemiological study
2009
Abstract Background Hypospadias is a congenital displacement of the urethral meatus in male newborns, being either an isolated defect at birth or a sign of sexual development disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of hypospadias in different Districts of Italy, in order to make a comparison with other countries all over the world. Methods We reviewed all the newborns file records (years 2001–2004) in 15 Italian Hospitals. Results We found an overall hypospadias prevalence rate of 3.066 ± 0.99 per 1000 live births (82.48% mild hypospadias, 17.52% moderate-severe). In newborns Small for Gestational Age (birthweight th percentile) of any gestational age the prevalen…