Search results for "Gliosis"
showing 7 items of 37 documents
Oligodendrocyte ablation triggers central pain independently of innate or adaptive immune responses in mice.
2014
Mechanisms underlying central neuropathic pain are poorly understood. Although glial dysfunction has been functionally linked with neuropathic pain, very little is known about modulation of pain by oligodendrocytes. Here we report that genetic ablation of oligodendrocytes rapidly triggers a pattern of sensory changes that closely resemble central neuropathic pain, which are manifest before overt demyelination. Primary oligodendrocyte loss is not associated with autoreactive T- and B-cell infiltration in the spinal cord and neither activation of microglia nor reactive astrogliosis contribute functionally to central pain evoked by ablation of oligodendrocytes. Instead, light and electron micr…
Effects of laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells in rat brain transplantation tumors.
2002
Background and Objectives Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is an approach to the treatment of brain tumors especially in poorly accessible regions. Its clinical applicability with tumor cell destruction has been shown in several studies. However, no data are known about specific effects on tumors cells due to LITT in the time course of the lesion. Study Design/Materials and Methods LITT was performed in adult Lewis rats with implanted glioma cells in the brain using a standard exposure of 3 W for 30 seconds. Before and following LITT, neoplastic lesions were monitored by MRI. Proliferation of implanted cells and gliosis were assessed by several histological techniques and immunohistochemi…
Ultrastructural study of primary canine and human pigmentary retinopathy
1985
An electron microscopic study was performed on eyes of Labrador dogs afflicted with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). There was complete loss of photoreceptors, atrophy of the remaining retina and gliosis in the peripheral part while the central retina showed incomplete loss of photoreceptors and an almost total disappearance of photoreceptor outer segments. Melanin-bearing cells, largely containing melanolysosomes, were found deep inside the retina. This electron microscopic study also incorporated the retina of a middle-aged woman affected by retinopathia pigmentosa (RP). The fine structure of the diseased retina showed a similar pattern of lesions, more pronounced in the periphery of th…
Influence of ADAM10 on prion protein processing and scrapie infectiosity in vivo.
2009
Abstract Both the cellular prion protein (PrPc) and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are physiologically subjected to complex proteolytic processing events. While for APP the proteinases involved – alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase – have been identified in vitro and in vivo, the cleavage of PrPc by now has been linked only to the shedding activity of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 and/or ADAM17 in cell culture. Here we show that neuronal overexpression of the alpha-secretase ADAM10 in mice reduces all PrPc species detected in the brain instead of leading to enhanced amounts of specific cleavage products of PrPc. Additionally, the incubation time of mice after scrapie infection is signific…
Potential Biomarkers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Pathology
2021
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves an intricate and aberrant interaction of immune cells leading to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical subtypes, their diagnosis becomes challenging and the best treatment cannot be easily provided to patients. Biomarkers have been used to simplify the diagnosis and prognosis of MS, as well as to evaluate the results of clinical treatments. In recent years, research on biomarkers has advanced rapidly due to their ability to be easily and promptly measured, their specificity, and their reproducibility. Biomarkers are classified into several categor…
Retina in various animal models of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis
1992
The childhood forms of human neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) are invariably associated with a severe progressive retinopathy which commences at the photoreceptor level morphologically and proceeds to a final loss of neuronal cells accompanied by severe gliosis. In respective spontaneous animal conditions of NCL, in English setters, Dalmatian dogs, and New Zealand sheep, retinal involvement is not commensurate although the retina does not seem to be completely unaffected. In canine NCL, there might be functional and electro-physiological impairment of retinal cells, but retinal atrophy is not obvious. In ovine NCL, the retina, apart from accumulating NCL-specific lipopigments within neu…
Heat Shock Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Friend or Foe?
2015
Multiple Sclerosis is a complex chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease conditioned by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Main pathological features of MS include areas of focal demyelination of white matter characterized by gliosis, neuron and oligodendrocyte loss. Neurodegenerative as well as immune-mediated processes play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. One of these immunogenic factors could be represented by the heat shock proteins. HSP exhibit cytoprotective and cytostimulatory effects due to their molecular chaperones role, in many brain model misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, whereas still no unambiguous results have bee…