Search results for "Global"
showing 10 items of 3796 documents
COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular y renal: ¿Dónde estamos? ¿Hacia dónde vamos?
2020
La pandemia SARS-CoV-2 es una emergencia sanitaria global y necesitamos conocer más sobre ella. Los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular y renal previo se han identificado como especialmente vulnerables para una mayor morbimortalidad cuando sufren la COVID-19, y una proporción considerable de pacientes pueden desarrollar una lesión vascular en el contexto de la enfermedad que conlleva una mayor letalidad. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares y renales representan un problema, y es probable que en un futuro próximo puedan suponer una amenaza para los pacientes que han sobrevivido a la COVID-19. Como médicos no podemos olvidar que durante una epidemia como esta otras enfermedades ----crónicas--…
Non-communicable Diseases and Oral Health: An Overview
2021
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, diabetes, cancer and diseases of the oral cavity such as caries or periodontitis represent a global and highly relevant problem due to demographic and epidemiological changes. They are not only responsible for millions of deaths worldwide, but also cause relevant costs for national economies arise for the health care of societies. Assuming that oral health and general health are directly linked, emerging interactions between systemic and oral diseases are increasingly being researched. Common important risk factors have implications for economic, social, and moral determinants of health. Interdisciplinarily train…
Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
2019
This review summarizes recent publications on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Two major systemic analyses, from Malaysia and Ethiopia, were published. The Brazilian Consensus Conference has stated that H pylori infection is an infectious disease with an indication for antimicrobial therapy. A continuous decrease in H pylori prevalence was reported from many regions worldwide, including Korea, China, Iran, and Austria. A cross-sectional H pylori prevalence study conducted in the United Arab Emirates found 41% prevalence in a group of healthy children and adults. Several studies from Asia addressed H pylori prevalence in adults undergoing regular checkup. The largest of such studies,…
Defining and Assessing Public Health Functions: A Global Analysis.
2016
Given the broad scope and intersectoral nature of public health structures and practices, there are inherent difficulties in defining which services fall under the public health remit and in assessing their capacity and performance. The aim of this study is to analyze how public health functions and practice have been defined and operationalized in different countries and regions around the world, with a specific focus on assessment tools that have been developed to evaluate the performance of essential public health functions, services, and operations. Our review has identified nearly 100 countries that have carried out assessments, using diverse analytical and methodological approaches. …
Correlating heatwaves and relative humidity with suicide (fatal intentional self-harm)
2021
AbstractEmpirical evidence suggests that the effects of anthropogenic climate change, and heat in particular, could have a significant impact on mental health. This article investigates the correlation between heatwaves and/or relative humidity and suicide (fatal intentional self-harm) on a global scale. The covariance between heat/humidity and suicide was modelled using a negative binomial Poisson regression with data from 60 countries between 1979–2016. Statistically significant increases and decreases in suicide were found, as well as many cases with no significant correlation. We found that relative humidity showed a more significant correlation with suicide compared to heatwaves and th…
Obesity and cardiovascular risk: the new public health problem of worldwide proportions
2004
Obesity could be considered a new global health epidemic above all others, especially when it is characterized by central fat distribution. This is illustrated by dramatic provisional data, indicating a continuous increase in the trend of overweight and obese individuals in several countries, including the USA and countries in Europe. Several epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical studies clearly indicate that two of the major independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease or events are being overweight, and obesity. Accordingly, weight loss and prevention of weight gain has to be considered one of the most important strategies to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseas…
Matrix metalloproteinases in metabolic syndrome.
2011
Metabolic syndrome is commonly accompanied by an elevated cardiovascular risk with high morbidity and mortality. The alterations of the arterial vasculature begin with endothelial dysfunction and lead to micro- and macrovascular complications. The remodeling of the endothelial basal membrane, that promotes erosion and thrombosis, has a multifactorial pathogenesis that includes leukocyte activation, increased oxidative stress and also an altered matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. MMPs are endopeptidases which degrade extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, gelatins, fibronectin and laminin. They can be secreted by several cells within the vascular wall, but macrophages are…
Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospect…
2014
Summary Background Body-mass index (BMI) and diabetes have increased worldwide, whereas global average blood pressure and cholesterol have decreased or remained unchanged in the past three decades. We quantified how much of the effects of BMI on coronary heart disease and stroke are mediated through blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose, and how much is independent of these factors. Methods We pooled data from 97 prospective cohort studies that collectively enrolled 1·8 million participants between 1948 and 2005, and that included 57 161 coronary heart disease and 31 093 stroke events. For each cohort we excluded participants who were younger than 18 years, had a BMI of lower than 20 kg/…
Microsurgical Scalp Reconstruction in the Elderly
2015
BACKGROUND Microvascular reconstruction is the mainstay of treatment in complex scalp defects. The rate of elderly patients requiring scalp reconstruction is increasing, but outcomes in elderly patients are unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature pertaining to free tissue transfer for scalp reconstruction in patients older than 65 years to compare outcomes among different free flaps and determine the safety profile of treatment. METHODS A systematic review of the available literature of patients undergoing microvascular scalp reconstruction was completed. Details for patients 65 years and older were extracted and reviewed for data analysis. RESULTS A t…
Couple therapy for depression in a naturalistic setting in Finland: a 2-year randomized trial
2012
The dialogical and narrative processes in couple therapy (CT) for depressions project was conducted to develop therapy for depression and to investigate the effectiveness of CT in everyday clinical practice; thus aiming at high external validity. Patients with moderate or major depression were randomized to a CT group (n = 29) and a control group (n = 22). The CT group needed significantly fewer therapy sessions. There were significant differences in favour of the CT group in terms of general mental health (symptom check list), Hamilton depression rating scale, global assessment of functioning and decreasing alcohol use. As regards depressive symptoms using the Beck depression inventory, 79…