Search results for "Globin"
showing 10 items of 734 documents
Oxygen Supply from the Bird's Eye Perspective
2011
The visual process in the vertebrate eye requires high amounts of metabolic energy and thus oxygen. Oxygen supply of the avian retina is a challenging task because birds have large eyes, thick retinae, and high metabolic rates but neither deep retinal nor superficial capillaries. Respiratory proteins such as myoglobin may enhance oxygen supply to certain tissues, and thus the mammalian retina harbors high amounts of neuroglobin. Globin E (GbE) was recently identified as an eye-specific globin of chicken (Gallus gallus). Orthologous GbE genes were found in zebra finch and turkey genomes but appear to be absent in non-avian vertebrate classes. Analyses of globin phylogeny and gene synteny sho…
αααanti-4.2 Haplotype and heterozygous β° thalassemia in a Sicilian family
1985
The presence of the αααanti-4.2 haplotype and heterozygous β° thalassemia in a Sicilian family is described. These findings confirm the presence in Italy of a leftward deletion (−α4.2) and indicate that this may not be rare. Furthermore, although the β thalassemia determinant in this family has a severe expression, the interaction with the triplicated α gene does not necessarily express itself as thalassemia intermedia.
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys…
2011
Summary Background Data for trends in glycaemia and diabetes prevalence are needed to understand the effects of diet and lifestyle within populations, assess the performance of interventions, and plan health services. No consistent and comparable global analysis of trends has been done. We estimated trends and their uncertainties in mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diabetes prevalence for adults aged 25 years and older in 199 countries and territories. Methods We obtained data from health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (370 country-years and 2·7 million participants). We converted systematically between different glycaemic metrics. For each sex, we used a Bayesian hier…
Low Hemoglobin Levels and the Onset of Cognitive Impairment in Older People: The PRO.V.A. Study
2016
Low hemoglobin (Hb) levels are attracting interest as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but with contrasting evidence emerging from the current literature. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship between baseline serum Hb levels and the incidence of cognitive impairment in older people over a follow-up of 4.4 years. Our study considered a sample of 1227 elderly subjects cognitively intact at baseline, enrolled under the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.) among 3099 screened subjects. For all participants, we measured serum Hb levels on blood samples; incident cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <24 and confirmed by geriat…
Interactive Process Mining in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2020
This chapter is a descriptive use case of the Interactive Process Mining paradigm in one of the most significant problems of healthcare in relation to the management of chronic conditions, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The chapter firstly performs a comprehensive description of the disease, its origins, evolution and standard of care, to thereafter adapt the concepts of Interactive Process Mining to trigger big quantities of heterogeneous observational data into actionable information for patient’s evaluations. The use case is focused in the analysis of Glycated Hemoglobin, a major indicator of blood glucose levels and a key factor in the management of the disease. The chapter is a preliminary …
Zebrafish Reveals Different and Conserved Features of Vertebrate Neuroglobin Gene Structure, Expression Pattern, and Ligand Binding
2004
Neuroglobin has been identified as a respiratory protein that is primarily expressed in the mammalian nervous system. Here we present the first detailed analysis of neuroglobin from a non-mammalian vertebrate, the zebrafish Danio rerio. The zebrafish neuroglobin gene reveals a mammalian-type exon-intron pattern in the coding region (B12.2, E11.0, and G7.0), plus an additional 5'-non-coding exon. Similar to the mammalian neuroglobin, the zebrafish protein displays a hexacoordinate deoxy-binding scheme. Flash photolysis kinetics show the competitive binding on the millisecond timescale of external ligands and the distal histidine, resulting in an oxygen affinity of 1 torr. Western blotting, i…
Attenuated Carbohydrate and Gill Na+ , K+-ATPase Stress Responses in Whitefish Caged near Bleached Kraft Mill Discharges
2002
Exposure to biologically treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) is demonstrated to greatly modify the acute physiological stress response in fish and, accordingly, to lead to inconsistencies in data interpretation due to dissimilar effects of handling procedures on reference and exposed fish. To consider this phenomenon, juvenile whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) were caged for 30 days in four reference sites and in three areas influenced by different BKME discharges. After exposure, fish were subjected to the impacts of low-level handling by raising the cages to the water surface, serially handnetting the fish, and transferring ( approximately 10 min) the submerged cages to the research…
Dielectric Relaxations in Confined Hydrated Myoglobin
2009
In this work we report the results of a broadband dielectric spectroscopy study on the dynamics of a globular protein, myoglobin, in confined geometry, i.e. encapsulated in a porous silica matrix, at low hydration levels, where about only one or two water layers surround the proteins. In order to highlight the specific effect of confinement in the silica host, we compared this system with hydrated myoglobin powders at the same hydration levels. The comparison between the data relative to the two different systems indicates that geometrical confinement within the silica matrix plays a crucial role in protein-water dielectric relaxations, the effect of sol-gel encapsulation being essentially …
Risk of progression to diabetes and mortality in older people with prediabetes: The English longitudinal study on ageing
2022
Abstract Aims Prediabetes is used to identify people at increased risk for diabetes. However, the importance of prediabetes in older populations is still poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes, based on either glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels or fasting glucose (FG) levels, or both and the progression of prediabetes to diabetes or to mortality in older participants of the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Materials and methods Prediabetes was categorized based on HbA1c levels (5.7%–6.4%) and/or FG levels (5.6–7.0 mmol/L). Information regarding mortality and incident diabetes were recorded during follow-up period of 10 years. Results In 2027 …
Behavioral medicine interventions in diabetes.
2010
Poor glycemic control is prevalent in the majority of patients with diabetes and has a strong impact on medical as well as psychological outcomes. Psychological and behavioral variables are of particular interest, as the patients themselves are the most determining factor of treatment success. Consequently, a wide range of behavioral medicine interventions are aimed at improvement in diabetes self-management, coping strategies, blood glucose awareness, and stress reduction. This review provides an overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 18 months (from March 2008 to September 2009) that evaluated behavioral medicine interventions in patients with diabetes. The …