Search results for "Glycemic"
showing 10 items of 331 documents
Comparison between euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity in children with growth hormone deficiency
2018
Objective: Data about the impact of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on insulin sensitivity in children are quite controversial, due to the different surrogate indices that have been used. Design: We evaluated insulin sensitivity through the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, considered the gold standard technique, in 23 children affected by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) at baseline and after 12. months of GHT and in 12 controls with short stature at baseline, and we compared the clamp-derived index (M-value) with the most commonly used surrogate index of insulin sensitivity, as ISI Matsuda, and with circulating plasma markers of insulin sensitivity, as adiponectin and resistin levels. Resu…
Imeglimin Normalizes Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity and Improves Mitochondrial Function in Liver of a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet Mice Mod…
2015
International audience; Imeglimin is the first in a new class of oral glucose-lowering agents currently in phase 2b development. Although imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity in humans, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. This study used a model of 16-week high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) mice to characterize its antidiabetic effects. Six-week imeglimin treatment significantly decreased glycemia, restored normal glucose tolerance, and improved insulin sensitivity without modifying organs, body weights, and food intake. This was associated with an increase in insulin-stimulated protein kinase B phosphorylation in the liver and muscle. In liver mitochondria, imeglimin redirects substra…
[Contraception in chronically ill adolescents].
2003
Contraception in chronically ill adolescents has to consider side effects with regard to metabolic or hematological disease. Additionally the compliance of the patient has to be taken in account when consulting about contraceptives. In juvenile diabetics with good glycemic control and metabolic diseases of the amino acids oral contraceptives are justifiable. Adolescents with galactose-mia mostly suffer from premature ovarian failure and therefore have to be controlled wether they need contraception at all. Young women with sickle-cell anemia are at risk of thrombophilia. They should not be given hormonal contraceptives. In v. Willebrand-Jurgens-Syndrome oral contraceptives are favourable be…
Plasma Metabolomic Profiles of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrate Quality Index in the PREDIMED Study
2020
Background The quality of carbohydrate consumed, assessed by the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), or carbohydrate quality index (CQI), affects the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, which have been implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases. However, it is unclear whether plasma metabolites involved in different biological pathways could provide functional insights into the role of carbohydrate quality indices in health. Objectives We aimed to identify plasma metabolomic profiles associated with dietary GI, GL, and CQI. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 1833 participants with overweight/obesity (mean age = 67 y) from 2 case-cohort s…
Early effects of empagliflozin on exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure: A pilot study
2018
BackgroundSodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibition recently emerged as a promising therapy for reducing the risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a lack of data endorsing its role in symptomatic HF patients. We sought to evaluate the short-term effects of empagliflozin on maximal exercise capacity in these patients. HypothesisWe postulate tretament with empagliflozin may improve functional capacity in patients with T2DM and established HF. MethodsNineteen T2DM patients with symptomatic HF were prospectively included and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and 30days after initiation of empagliflozin therapy. A mixe…
Pioglitazone Reduces Secondary Brain Damage after Experimental Brain Trauma by PPAR-γ-Independent Mechanisms
2011
Inflammatory and ischemic processes contribute to the development of secondary brain damage after mechanical brain injury. Recent data suggest that thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of drugs approved for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, effectively reduces inflammation and brain lesion by stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). The present study investigates the influence of the TZD pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on inflammation and secondary brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). A controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury was induced in male C57BL/6 mice to investigate following endpoints: (1) mRNA expression…
Comparative effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein size and subclasses in patients with Type 2…
2008
To assess the effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on fasting and postprandial low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and subclasses in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Nine Type 2 diabetic patients (age 61 +/- 10 years, body mass index 30 +/- 5 kg/m(2), glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 7.5 +/- 0.5%) were randomized in a crossover trial to rosiglitazone 4 mg b.i.d. or pioglitazone 45 mg/day for 12 weeks with an 8-week wash-out period. LDL size and subclasses were determined by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. A standardized breakfast was served and variables were assessed after 3 and 6 h.HbA1c, insulin sensitivity (as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment) and…
Glycemic Durability of Rosiglitazone, Metformin, or Glyburide Monotherapy
2006
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of thiazolidinediones, as compared with other oral glucose-lowering medications, in maintaining long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes is not known. METHODS: We evaluated rosiglitazone, metformin, and glyburide as initial treatment for recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 4360 patients. The patients were treated for a median of 4.0 years. The primary outcome was the time to monotherapy failure, which was defined as a confirmed level of fasting plasma glucose of more than 180 mg per deciliter (10.0 mmol per liter), for rosiglitazone, as compared with metformin or glyburide. Prespecified secondary…
Metformin and contrast-induced acte kidney injury in diabetic patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST segment elevati…
2016
IF 4.638; International audience; AIM : To analyze the association between chronic metformin treatment and the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with PCI 27μmol/l (0.3mg/dl) or >50% over baseline after PCI. Since PCI was urgent, metformin could not be withheld prior to PCI but was usually stopped after PCI.RESULTS:Among the 372 patients included, 147 (40%) were using metformin, which had older diabetes, but had risk factors similar to patients without metformin. Baseline eGFR was better in pati…
[Osteoporosis and diabetes].
2011
Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are chronic diseases with an elevated and growing incidence in the elderly. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated an elevated risk of hip, humerus and foot fractures in elder diabetic subjects. While type 1 diabetes is generally associated with a mild reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), type 2 diabetes, more prevalent in old subjects, is frequently linked to a normal or high BMD. Studies on experimental models of diabetes have suggested an altered bone structure that may help to explain the elevated risk of fractures observed in these animals and may as well help to explain the paradox of an incremented risk of fractures in type 2 diabetic …