Search results for "Grammar"
showing 10 items of 662 documents
Quasi conjunction and p-entailment in nonmonotonic reasoning
2010
We study, in the setting of coherence, the extension of a probability assessment defined on n conditional events to their quasi conjunction. We consider, in particular, two special cases of logical dependencies; moreover, we examine the relationship between the notion of p-entailment of Adams and the inclusion relation of Goodman and Nguyen. We also study the probabilistic semantics of the QAND rule of Dubois and Prade; then, we give a theoretical result on p-entailment.
«Jusqu’à nos désirs, jusqu’aux formes de notre plaisir»: feminism’s development in Les Temps modernes
2017
Les Temps Modernes has been a basic ground for the growth both of the second-wave feminism and of the third-wave one, and has skaken old roles also by questioning traditional longings, as some writings we can (re)read here show: several remarks by Simone de Beauvoir, an article by Colette Audry, an issue of the column Le Sexisme ordinaire.
Forms of Social Support and Foreign Language Attainment: The Mediating Effect of Gender
2013
This chapter analyzes the relationship between adolescents’ social support network and L2 achievement, as mediated by gender. The main sources of social support for teenagers are their families, peers and teachers, with whom they interact most frequently. These three groups play a buffering role between stress and psychological well-being by helping teenagers cope with adverse challenges (Demaray et al. 2009). Empirical studies on social support demonstrate that gender is an important factor, with female adolescents perceiving higher levels of support from the three groups (Bokhorst et al. 2010). Also, in the situation of stress caused by the necessity to learn a foreign language as a compu…
How can mental models theory account for content effects in conditional reasoning? A developmental perspective
1998
Abstract This article proposes a modification to Johnson-Laird's mental models theory applied to the interpretation of conditional statement of the form `if...then'. The model suggests that this interpretation is based on the construction of mental models supplied by establishing a correspondence between the semantic spaces associated with the antecedent and consequent of the statements. The construction of the models and the interpretation of the statements would depend on the nature of the semantic spaces involved, the interpretative context and the subject's knowledge and processing capacity. Three experiments show that the interpretation of conditional rules depends, for example, on whe…
Simulating spin models on GPU
2010
Over the last couple of years it has been realized that the vast computational power of graphics processing units (GPUs) could be harvested for purposes other than the video game industry. This power, which at least nominally exceeds that of current CPUs by large factors, results from the relative simplicity of the GPU architectures as compared to CPUs, combined with a large number of parallel processing units on a single chip. To benefit from this setup for general computing purposes, the problems at hand need to be prepared in a way to profit from the inherent parallelism and hierarchical structure of memory accesses. In this contribution I discuss the performance potential for simulating…
A note on adjusted responses, fitted values and residuals in Generalized Linear Models
2014
Adjusted responses, adjusted fitted values and adjusted residuals are known to play in Generalized Linear Models the role played in Linear Models by observations, fitted values and ordinary residuals. We think this parallelism, which was widely recognized and used in the early literature on Generalized Linear Models, has been somewhat overlooked in more recent presentations. We revise this parallelism, systematizing and proving some results that are either scattered or not satisfactorily spelled out in the literature. In particular, we formally derive the asymptotic dispersion matrix of the (scaled) adjusted residuals, by proving that in Generalized Linear Models the fitted values are asym…
Alle Wege Führen Zum Text
2016
The intention of this chapter is to review the development of linguistic research during the twentieth century in Europe and the United States, in order to show that the genesis of text linguistics as a comprehensive theoretical framework was necessary, considering the events from a post-eventum perspective. Firstly, structural linguistics is presented as well as its main exponents; secondly, generative linguistics is discussed; thirdly, the genesis and the development of text linguistics is presented. Concerning the structural linguistics, the key issues investigated by 4 linguists (namely, de Saussure, Benveniste, Hjelmslev and Bloomfield) are summarized. Concerning the generative linguis…
Notes on the use of rhetoric in t.v. advertising
1989
We intend to reflect on the use of Rhetoric in t.v. advertising starting from the survey of several spots given off by T.V.E. Therefore, we fix the structural organization of advertisements. Afterwards we study the rhetoric of spot in the sound and in the picture and, mainly, ¡n the conjunction of both bands; in this sense spots are normally based on a rhetorical figure that involves both bands. Our observations set up an essentially metaphoric basis to the construction of publicity message. We infer that advertising works with connotative signs, where the assembly of picture and sound tracks becomes the significant of metaphoric meaning that is insinuated.
Two-dimensional filters for structured text
1997
The paper introduces a method for defining filters for structured text. In the method, the text structure is originally defined by a grammar consisting of a set of productions. To describe the information interests, a two-dimensional template is first created interactively from the grammar to show the structure of a set of textual elements, at a chosen level of detail. The template depicts the hierarchical structure of the elements and indicates also optionality, alternatives, and iteration in the structure. Then, the template is filled by constraints and annotations. The constraints allow giving conditions to the content of parts, to the position of parts in an ordered set of parts, and to…
Reflections towards a generative theory of musical parallelism
2010
Parallelism plays a core role in Lerdahl and Jackendoff's (1983) GTTM, as it rules the emergence of motivic, metrical, grouping and even formal structures. Due to the high amount of detail and complexity characterising associational structures, neither explicit model nor systematic methodology of parallelism-based structural inference has been included into the GTTM. This paper develops a methodological and computational answer to this problem founded on a computational modelling of pattern extraction operations. The paper focuses in particular on the methodological interest of the pattern mining formalism, and in particular its application to the formalisation of grouping and metrical str…