Search results for "Grid"

Flexibility of grid interactive water heaters: The situation in the US

2023

Among different solutions to increase flexibility of electricity system, grid interactive water heaters (GIWHs) can make a large contribution, against a relatively low cost. They can advantageously be used within a single building, a local energy community or within an entire distribution grid, thanks to the very fast response time, low cost, highly distributed resource and widely demonstrated technology. In the near future, the flexibility potential of GIWHs will certainly increase, thanks to the advantageous flexibility programs that have been implementing in some area of the world, with the aim of coordinating several million of GIWHs with the electricity network. In this study, we asses…

Smart grids: the next future of electrical distribution systems

2011

Currently, the design and operation criteria for electrical distribution networks are fastly changing due to some factors; among these, the progressive penetration of Distributed Generation(DG) is destined to cause deep changes in the existing networks, no longer considered as passive terminations of the whole electrical system. Moreover, the increasing application of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) will allow the implementation of the so called “smart grids”, determining new interesting scenarios. In the paper the problems and the potential benefits of DG, the possible new electrical distribution system models and the major research projects on smart grids are faced and report…

DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF SMART DISTRIBUTION GRIDS IN PRESENCE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

The integration of distributed generation (DG) units in power distribution network has become increasingly attractive multi-faceted paradigm as economic and environmental factors drive new technologies to be more efficient and less polluting than their earlier counterparts. The installation of DGs impacts critically on the planning and operating characteristics of the distribution network. Type, location, number and capacity of DG are essential factors for studying the effect of DGs on the system behavior. Some possibilities to handle grid planning and operating issues are addressed in this thesis. Firstly, the effect of DG on the power losses of a distribution network is introduced and the…

A New Meta-Heuristic Multi-Objective Approach For Optimal Dispatch of Dispersed and Renewable Generating Units in Power Distribution Systems

2011

The application of stochastic methods in engineering research and optimization has been increasing over the past few decades. Ant Colony Optimization, in particular, has been attracting growing attention as a promising approach both in discrete and continuous domains. The present work proposes a multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization for continuous domains showing good convergence properties and uniform coverage of the non-dominated front. These properties have been proved both with mathematical test functions and with a complex real world problem. Besides the second part of the chapter presents the application of the new algorithm to the problem of optimal dispatch of dispersed power gene…

Synchronizing Interactions Between Different Types of Grid-Forming Converters in Smart Grids

2022

The work investigates the transient synchronizing interactions between different types of grid-forming controls. Two well-known grid-forming schemes are implemented and considered for analysis: a droop-based control and a swing-based control. The two controls are examined for a temporary loss of synchronism. The analysis is performed considering two different conditions for the grid interconnecting the converters: a resistive-inductive grid and a mainly inductive grid. The first case corresponds to actual conditions in low and medium voltage applications. The second case is realized with the implementation of a virtual reactance in the grid-forming control scheme. The analysis of the result…

DC Grids for Supporting AC Power System during Failure Events: Experimental Testing of a Urban Case Study

2022

AC power systems and their devices can be subjected to different failure events due to thermal, environmental, and aging phenomena. In this context, DC grids intervention could mitigate customers black-out by adequately controlling their internal resources (renewable generators and storage systems). In this paper, failure events concerning HV/MV transformer are considered. Possible actions to support the AC grid to avoid interruption in load areas are analyzed and experimentally validated. Tests campaigns are carried out taking advantage of a research nanogrid infrastructure available at ENEA Centre of Portici. It consists of indoor equipment able to emulate actual generation, load and stor…

ON THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF GREEN HYDROGEN FACILITIES ON THE PLANNING OF RES PLANTS IN SICILY

2021

A recent report on climate change and global warming, soil and oceans and the cryosphere [1] highlighted the disastrous effects that would be produced if climate change were not stopped.

INVERTER-BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS, MODELING AND CONTROL

In the last few years, electrical power generation is moving from a centralized generation towards distributed generation including on-site Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). In order to overcome RES related issues, as intermittent and fluctuating power, storage elements are included in the on-site generation system. The interaction between distributed generator (DG) units including RES, storage and front-end power converters should be carefully modeled in order to analyze the power system stability. An accurate modeling of DGs is required. In this thesis, a new modeling approach has been proposed for the inverter-based DGs based on the concept of electrostatic synchronous machines. Detailed …

A HEURISTIC LOAD MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

2014

In this paper, an innovative heuristic for domestic loads management is proposed. The method is straightforward and easy to be implemented on embedded systems. The idea is to start from the mathematical modeling of loads and to perform a profile based scheduling, namely loads will try to fit a given schedule. The solution of the scheduling is based on a rolling horizon of 24 hours and is recomputed when an ON signal is provided to the considered appliance. Experimental results show the pertinence of the approach and how it may be profitably used to lower the energy costs for the end user.

Approccio allo Sviluppo di Sistemi Diagnostici per il Funzionamento Fault Tolerant delle Micro-grid

2009

Il progressivo aumento del livello di penetrazione della generazione distribuita(GD) è destinato a provocare un profondo mutamento nelle esistenti reti di distribuzione che non sono più considerate come terminazioni passive del sistema elettrico complessivo. Una soluzione possibile è quella relativa alla realizzazione di piccole reti, le micro-grid, che riproducono, al loro interno, la struttura del sistema di produzione e distribuzione dell’energia elettrica. Per ottenere una adeguata affidabilità della micro-grid risulta importante la individuazione e la gestione dei guasti ai fini del perseguimento dell’esercizio "fault tolerant" della micro-grid stessa. Nel presente lavoro, dopo aver in…