Search results for "Gross domestic product"
showing 10 items of 78 documents
Decoupling factors on the energy–output linkage: The Spanish case
2007
The recent increase of energy intensity in Spain and the ratification of the Kyoto protocol call for the implementation of energy policies in Spain. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Energy Consumption (EC) by taking into account several decoupling factors that can affect this linkage. Specifically, we have considered the temporal aggregation of data and its seasonal adjustments, the multivariate methodology, the substitution between EC and other inputs and the technological changes. Empirical tests reveal a long-run relationship between EC and GDP that can only be established in a complete way with a multivariate cointegration analysis.…
What determines the duration of a fiscal consolidation program?
2013
This paper assesses the determinants of the length of fiscal consolidation using annual data for 17 industrial countries over the period 1978-2009. Relying on a narrative approach to identify fiscal consolidation episodes, we show that fiscal variables (such as the budget deficit and the level of public debt) and economic factors (such as the degree of openness, the inflation rate, the interest rate and per capita GDP) are crucial for the fiscal consolidation process. Additionally, we employ duration analysis over a set of consolidation spells and find that, as time goes by, the likelihood of a fiscal consolidation ending is higher. However, the hazard function is not monotonic: indeed, it …
Growth and Spatial Dependence in Europe
2009
The convergence of European regions has been largely discussed in the empirical literature during the last decade. Two observations are often emphasized. First, the convergence rate among European regions appears to be very slow (Barro and Sala-i-Martins 1991, 1995; Armstrong 1995, Sala-i-Martin 1996a,b). Second, the tools used in the regional science literature show that the geographical distribution of European per capita GDP is highly clustered and characterized by global and local autocorrelation (Armstrong 1995; Ertur et al. 2007; Lopez-Bazo et al. 1999; Le Gallo and Ertur 2003 with a UE15 regional database and Ertur and Koch 2006, with a UE27 enlarged regional database). Many other st…
Peran Sektor Pertanian Arti Luas dalam Perekonomian Papua (Pendekatan Model Input-Output)
2018
The aim of this study is to know contribution of agriculture sectors on Gross Domestic Product of Papua in 2002 based on input-output table analysis. The result of analyzing shows that contribution of agriculture sectors in broad meaning to Gross Domestic Regional Product of Papua about 20,11% . Based on backward linkage analysis, it describes that plantations subsector; animal husbandry subsector and fishery subsector have an increase number in backward linkage, on the other hand backward linkage of food crops goes down. Furthermore, forward linkage of agriculture sectors which have link with others sector is fall in 2002. In conclusion, contribution of agriculture setors on Gross Domestic…
Cardiovascular Scientific Production in Spain and in the European and Global Context (2003-2007)
2009
Introduction and objectives The publication of research articles has increased considerably in recent years in all biomedical fields. The present study examines the position of Spanish quality research in cardiology in the European and world context, and its evolution during the 5-year period 2003-2007. Methods Using the Science Citation Index Expanded of Thomson Reuters as data source, we compared Spanish cardiovascular scientific production with that of the rest of countries in the European Union and of the most important countries worldwide, along with relative productivity as per number of inhabitants and Gross Domestic Product, and the number of citations in the journals of the Cardiac…
A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Convergence Across European Regions, 1980–1995
2003
The convergence of European regions has been largely discussed in the macroeconomic and the regional science literature during the past decade. Two observations are often emphasized. First, the convergence rate among European regions appears to be very slow in the extensive samples considered (Barro and Sala-iMartin 1991, 1995; Armstrong 1995a; Sala-i-Martin 1996a, 1996b). Second, as shown in Ertur and Le Gallo (see Chap. 2), the geographical distribution of European per capita GDP is highly clustered.
Insurance mechanisms for tropical cyclones and droughts in Pacific Small Island Developing States
2016
One group of locations significantly affected by climate-related losses and damage is the Small Island Developing States (SIDS). One mechanism aiming to reduce such adverse impacts is insurance, with a wide variety of products and models available. Insurance for climate-related hazards affecting Pacific SIDS has not been investigated in detail. This article contributes to filling this gap by exploring how insurance mechanisms might be implemented in the Pacific SIDS for tropical cyclones and droughts. The study examines opportunities and constraints or limitations of some existing insurance mechanisms and programmes as applied to the Pacific SIDS. Eight insurance mechanisms are compared and…
A stochastic dynamic model to evaluate the influence of economy and well-being on unemployment control
2018
[EN] This paper presents a stochastic dynamic mathematical model to study the evolution of the unemployment rate and other relevant related variables in a country. This model is composed by three basic interrelated subsystems: demographic, economic and wellbeing ones. A key aspect of this model is that it considers three UN well-being variables simultaneously: Human Development Index, Gender Empowerment Index and Gender Differentiation Index. These variables involve key concepts for human development, as Health, Education, Economy and Female Labor. With this model, the most outstanding variables found in the literature in relation with unemployment control can be used to design strategies a…
Banking in Spain
2016
This chapter aims to explore recent developments in the Spanish banking industry and the measures adopted in recent years to correct the imbalances that built up during the expansion, in order to give an up-to-date picture of the sector in the international context. To this end, the chapter is divided into four sections. The section following the Introduction examines the importance of the banking sector in the Spanish economy using various indicators of banking penetration. The next section, “Characteristics of the Spanish Banking Sector: Recent Trends”, looks at key features of the banking sector and its evolution in terms of a range of measures, including margins, profitability, efficien…
Understanding Economic Growth in Ghana in Comparative Perspective
2019
Ghana has experienced a decade of solid and exceptionally high growth. Between 2005 and 2015, income nearly doubled. This paper analyzes the factors driving this impressive growth performance, using tools such as structural change decompositions and growth regressions. For the comparative perspective, the paper compares Ghana with its structural and aspirational peers. The paper finds that the contribution of structural change to growth has been limited and attributes this to labor that was freed up in agriculture not being absorbed by high-productivity sectors. Looking at factors that drove growth since 2000, financial development and infrastructure had the most important impacts. A benchm…