Search results for "Guarantee"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
The judicial guarantee of the right to health: between the indirect protection and the specific justiciability
2019
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el estudio de los mecanismos de garantía judicial del derecho a la salud. Se estudian, de un lado, aquellos que protegen este derecho a través de la vía de la interrelación con otros derechos, como es el caso del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos o del sistema interamericano. De otro lado, se tratan los sistemas que reconocen una justiciabilidad autónoma al derecho a la salud, destacando la litigación en países como Brasil o Colombia, y las críticas que ello ha recibido. Ante estas reservas, como las inequidades encontradas en el acceso a los tribunales y la excesiva intervención judicial, como objetivo último se plantean algunas respuestas, entre…
THE EUROPEAN RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY DURING 2014 - 2020
2014
The common agricultural policy has generated contradictory discussions between Member States. Several successive reforms, due to the continuous changing of funding instruments within the common agricultural policy have lead to several changes within the policy. Since the 2000s, the reform policy was reorganized into two complementary pillars, funded through entirely different funds. Thus, the rural development policy becomes separate and specific, rather than common. The current reform, in place starting since 2013 is to bring new several new challenges: maintaining competitiveness of European agriculture within global markets and the promotion of organic farming and creating new jobs. The …
La nuova disciplina delle notificazioni all'imputato
2023
La Riforma Cartabia interviene sul tema delle notificazioni ripensando alle forme e rimarcandone il ruolo chiave nel- le dinamiche del processo penale. Il sistema che ne deriva è un sistema ibrido che, alternando modalità telemati- che e modalità tradizionali, ruota attorno a due meccanismi di snellimento dell’iter, e cioè gli avvisi e il domicilio dichiarato o eletto, che sembrano operare in controtendenza rispetto alla regola generale di favorire la conoscenza effettiva dell’atto, mettendo a serio rischio le garanzie in nome della tanto declamata ‘efficienza’. The Cartabia Reform intervenes on the issue of notifications by rethinking the forms and emphasizing their key role in the dynamic…
Migranti e lotta alla povertà. La Corte costituzionale nega il reddito di cittadinanza ai titolari del permesso di soggiorno per ricerca di un'occupa…
2022
Il commento analizza la recente sentenza n. 19/2022 della Corte costituzionale, in cui il Giudice delle leggi ha ritenuto costituzionalmente legittima la previsione legislativa, che subordina alla titolarità del permesso di soggiorno di lungo periodo l’ottenimento del reddito di cittadinanza per i migranti extracomunitari. The essay analyses the recent Italian constitutional court ruling (no. 19/2022), that deems constitutional social security law, which subordinates the granting of minimum income guaranteed to the ownership of permanent residence permit for non-EU citizens.
Reliable numerical solution of a class of nonlinear elliptic problems generated by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation
2020
We consider a class of nonlinear elliptic problems associated with models in biophysics, which are described by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE). We prove mathematical correctness of the problem, study a suitable class of approximations, and deduce guaranteed and fully computable bounds of approximation errors. The latter goal is achieved by means of the approach suggested in [S. Repin, A posteriori error estimation for variational problems with uniformly convex functionals. Math. Comp., 69:481-500, 2000] for convex variational problems. Moreover, we establish the error identity, which defines the error measure natural for the considered class of problems and show that it yields computa…
Designing and pricing guarantee options in defined contribution pension plans
2015
Abstract The shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) is pervasive among pension funds, due to demographic changes and macroeconomic pressures. In DB all risks are borne by the provider, while in plain vanilla DC all risks are borne by the beneficiary. However, for DC to provide income security some kind of guarantee is required. A minimum guarantee clause can be modeled as a put option written on some underlying reference portfolio and we develop a discrete model that selects the reference portfolio to minimize the cost of a guarantee. While the relation DB–DC is typically viewed as a binary one, the model shows how to price a wide range of guarantees creating a continu…
Lo sviluppo e l’innovazione
2021
Le norme della legge di bilancio per il 2021 in materia di sviluppo e innovazione sembrano ancora legate a una logica di natura emergenziale, ponendosi in continuitàconle normative adottate nel corso del 2020 per fare fronte alle fasi più acute della crisi causata dal Covid-19, con le quali, non a caso, condividono il carattere temporaneo degli interventi. Questi si basano su incentivi ai consumi, garanzie pubbliche sui prestiti bancari e varie provvidenze da distribuire tramite fondi pubblici appositamente istituiti. Sorprende l’assenza di progetti ambiziosi per lo sviluppo economico, che avrebbero potuto essere coordinati, o costituire anticipazioni, di quelli da inserire successivamente …
Galvojums un garantija Latvijas līgumtiesībās
2021
Darbā veikts pētījums par garantijas un galvojuma jēdzienu lietojumu Latvijas līgumtiesībās un veikts salīdzinājums par šo jēdzienu pielietojumu starptautiskajā mērogā – ir apskatīta šo jēdzienu vēsturiskā attīstība, pētīti sniegtie skaidrojumi latviešu valodā un to ekvivalenti svešvalodās, kā arī padziļināti analizēts to jēdzieniskais saturs un piemērojamie tiesību akti. Darbā pētītas un analizētas atšķirības, kuras varētu uzskatīt par pietiekami būtiskām, lai šo jēdzienu lietojumu Latvijas līgumtiesībās nošķirtu un tos vairs nelietotu kā sinonīmus. Tāpat ir pētīta Igaunijas, Lietuvas un Francijas pieredze un šo jēdzienu regulēšanas prakse, kā arī apskatīti starptautiskie noteikumi, kas pi…
Il "linguaggio" della Corte costituzionale: note sparse su alcuni aspetti dell'esperienza recente
2023
Wittgenstein's theories offer the starting point for looking at the socio-political implications of the language spoken by the institutions in the various historical phases: the communication system with which they relate to the outside world is functional in conveying the sense and scope of their action, building a precise relationship with public opinion. Starting from this assumption, the contribution takes into consideration some aspects of the recent practice of the Constitutional Court, with particular regard to press releases, and proposes an interpretation of the communication breakthrough pursued in recent years, relating it to the exercise of the function of warranty.
Service policies of German manufacturers: Critical factors in international competition
1992
Abstract German companies perform well in export markets, based on product quality and technology. But the competitive advantages and value-added of service are expected to grow sharply in the coming decade — especially product-focused service. Hermann Simon has identified ‘Hidden Champions’ in Germany — companies like Heidelberg Printing Machines, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, which integrate market and technology as equal driving forces and provide quick and reliable customer service. But there is much room for improvement in service provided by German manufacturing companies. They could upgrade their design and marketing of service, and apply better quality control such as setting quantitative …