Search results for "Gut microbiome"
showing 10 items of 28 documents
The Monoclonal Antitoxin Antibodies (Actoxumab–Bezlotoxumab) Treatment Facilitates Normalization of the Gut Microbiota of Mice with Clostridium diffi…
2016
Antibiotics have significant and long-lasting impacts on the intestinal microbiota and consequently reduce colonization resistance against Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Standard therapy using antibiotics is associated with a high rate of disease recurrence, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies that target toxins, the major virulence factors, rather than the organism itself. Human monoclonal antibodies MK-3415A (actoxumab–bezlotoxumab) to C. difficile toxin A and toxin B, as an emerging non-antibiotic approach, significantly reduced the recurrence of CDI in animal models and human clinical trials. Although the main mechanism of protection is through direct neutraliza…
The unusual structure of Ruminococcin C1 antimicrobial peptide confers clinical properties.
2020
The emergence of superbugs developing resistance to antibiotics and the resurgence of microbial infections have led scientists to start an antimicrobial arms race. In this context, we have previously identified an active RiPP, the Ruminococcin C1, naturally produced by Ruminococcus gnavus E1, a symbiont of the healthy human intestinal microbiota. This RiPP, subclassified as a sactipeptide, requires the host digestive system to become active against pathogenic Clostridia and multidrug-resistant strains. Here, we report its unique compact structure on the basis of four intramolecular thioether bridges introduced post-translationally by a specific radical-SAM sactisynthase. This structure con…
Common miRNA Patterns of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease and Their Putative Impact on Commensal Gut Microbiota.
2019
With the rise of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) methods, Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have achieved an important position in the research landscape and have been found to present valuable diagnostic tools in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lung cancer. There is also emerging evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Apparently, these diseases come along with changes in miRNA expression patterns which led to attempts from researchers to use these small RNA species from several body fluids for a better diagnosis and in order to observe disease progression. Additionally, it…
Insects’ potential: Understanding the functional role of their gut microbiome
2021
The study of insect-associated microbial communities is a field of great importance in agriculture, principally because of the role insects play as pests. In addition, there is a recent focus on the potential of the insect gut microbiome in areas such as biotechnology, given some microorganisms produce molecules with biotechnological and industrial applications, and also in biomedicine, since some bacteria and fungi are a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To date, most studies aiming to characterize the role of the gut microbiome of insects have been based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and/or metagenomics. However, recently functional approaches such as m…
The impact of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease
2020
Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease clearly characterized by loss of synapses, changes in metabolism, and neuronal death in brain tissue. The impact of nutrition and other lifestyle factors on pathomechanisms has been extensively investigated in recent decades. However, one main issue has been out of focus during these research efforts—the human body is not a single entity but provides an ecological niche for a huge number of other organisms, its microbial flora. These microorganisms outnumber the host's genetic pool indisputably. While the human encodes for 30,000 genes, the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract inherits a multitude of commensal micro…
Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
2022
Abstract Background Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important and diverse biological functions in early life. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a starter infant formula containing Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri DSM 17938 and supplemented with 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL). Methods Healthy infants < 14 days old (n = 289) were randomly assigned to a bovine milk-based formula containing L. reuteri DSM 17938 at 1 × 107 CFU/g (control group; CG) or the same formula with added 1.0 g/L 2’FL (experimental group; EG) until 6 months of age. A non-randomized breastfed group served as reference (BF; n = 60). The primary endpoint was weight gain through 4 months of age in the formula-…
INVESTIGATION INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DYSBIOSIS ON OFFSPRING BRAIN AND METABOL…
2021
Genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic variability in patients with NDDs have made identification of causal mechanisms contributing to their onset difficult. Yet, unraveling the underlying causes of NDDs is essential to the development of appropriate preventive/therapeutic strategies. Maternal obesity is considered one of the main nongenetic risk factors for NDDs in progeny. We and others have found that high-fat (HF) obesogenic diets in both humans and animal models induce significant modifications in ma…
High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the gut microbiome in juvenile and adult tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus)
2020
Tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) is freshwater and estuarine fish, inhabiting the Earth since the Mesozoic era and undergoing limited physiological variation ever since. Besides its recognized cultural and scientific relevance, the species has seen remarkable growth in its economic impact due to pisciculture. In this study, we present the first report of the whole taxonomic composition of microbial communities in gut contents in juveniles and adults of A. tropicus, by sex and origin (wild and cultivated). For this study, 508 genera were identified, with the most and least abundant being Cetobacterium and Paludibacter, respectively. Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroid…
Offspring microbiomes differ across breeding sites in a panmictic species.
2019
High dispersal rates are known to homogenize host’s population genetic structure in panmictic species and to disrupt host local adaptation to the environment. Long-distance dispersal might also spread micro-organisms across large geographical areas. However, so far, to which extent selection mechanisms that shape host’s population genetics are mirrored in the population structure of the enteric microbiome remains unclear. High dispersal rates and horizontal parental transfer may homogenize bacterial communities between breeding sites (homogeneous hypothesis). Alternatively, strong selection from the local environment may differentiate bacterial communities between breeding sites (heterogene…
Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function.
2022
Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into …