Search results for "Gyrus"
showing 10 items of 277 documents
Personality modulates brain responses to emotion in music: Comparing whole-brain and regions-of-variance approaches
2019
AbstractWhether and how personality traits explain the individual variance in neural responses to emotion in music remains unclear. The sparse studies on this topic report inconsistent findings. The present study extends previous work using regions of variance (ROVs) as regions of interest, compared with whole-brain analysis. Fifty-five subjects listened to happy, sad, and fearful music during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Personality was measured with the Big Five Questionnaire. Results confirmed previous observations of Neuroticism being positively related to activation during sad music, in the left inferior parietal lobe. In an exploratory analysis, Openness was positively relat…
Cellular distribution in the rat telencephalon of mRNAs encoding for the alpha 3 and alpha 4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
1995
Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies provide evidence for the involvement of different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isoforms in rat neocortical and hippocampal signal transduction. Yet, rather little is known on the cellular localization of these isoforms. With the availability of isoform specific nucleic acid probes and sensitive non-isotopic detection systems, nicotinic receptors can be studied on the mRNA level in individual neurons. In this way, we have paradigmatically studied the distribution of the alpha 3 and alpha 4 isoform mRNAs of the nicotinic receptor in the rat telencephalon. In the cerebral cortex, alpha 3 transcripts were mainly located in pyramidal neurons o…
Effects of histamine on dentate granule cells in vitro
1990
Abstract Hippocampal slices from rat brain were exposed to histamine and related substances in a perfusion chamber. Granule cells of the dentate gyrus were studied with conventional extra- and intracellular recording and a single electrode voltage clamp. Histamine caused, through activation of H 2 -receptors, a small depolarization, an increase in the number of synaptic and action potentials, a block of the long lasting (but not the early) component of spike afterhyperpolarizations and a reduction of the accommodation of action potential firing. These effects were mimicked by forskolin (suggests activation of adenylate cyclase). In voltage clamp, histamine blocked a long lasting calcium-dep…
Identification of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in serotonergic cells of raphe nuclei in mice.
2007
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) possesses neuromodulatory functions by influencing the release of various neurotransmitters, including GABA, noradrenaline, dopamine, glutamate and acetylcholine. Even though there are studies indicating similar interactions between the ECS and the serotonergic system, there are no results showing clear evidence for type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) location on serotonergic neurons. In this study, we show by in situ hybridization that a low but significant fraction of serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei of mice contains CB1 mRNA as illustrated by the coexpression with the serotonergic marker gene tryptophane hydroxylase 2, the rate limiting enzyme for t…
A Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivative Improves Spatial Learning and Memory and Modifies Brain Protein Expression in Wild Type and Transgenic APPSweD…
2015
Ca2+ blockers, particularly those capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have been suggested as a possible treatment or disease modifying agents for neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. The present study investigated the effects of a novel 4-(N-dodecyl) pyridinium group-containing 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative (AP-12) on cognition and synaptic protein expression in the brain. Treatment of AP-12 was investigated in wild type C57BL/6J mice and transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice (Tg APPSweDI) using behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry, as well as mass spectrometry to assess the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The data demonstrated the ability …
GSK3β overexpression induces neuronal death and a depletion of the neurogenic niches in the dentate gyrus
2010
Overexpression of GSK3β in transgenic mice induces learning deficits and some features associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including dentate gyrus (DG) atrophy. Here, we assessed whether these mice also recapitulate DG atrophy as well as impaired neurogenesis reported in AD. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that there were fewer and more disorganized neurogenic niches in these animals, coupled with an increase in the proportion of immature neurons. Indeed, the maturation of granule cells is delayed as witnessed by the alterations to the length and patterning of their dendritic trees and to the mossy fiber terminals. Together with an increase in neuronal death, these phenomena lead to…
Exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in adult mice alters structural and functional integrity of neurogenic sites.
2011
BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that prenatal exposure to the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), a N-nitroso compound (NOC) found in the environment, disrupts developmental neurogenesis and alters memory formation. Previously, we showed that postnatal ENU treatment induced lasting deficits in proliferation of neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the main neurogenic region in the adult mouse brain. The present study is aimed to examine, in mice exposed to ENU, both the structural features of adult neurogenic sites, incorporating the dentate gyrus (DG), and the behavioral performance in tasks sensitive to manipulations of adult neurogenesis.Methodology/principal findin…
Experimental study on the influence of paper and pulp mill effluent on the gill parasite communities of roach (Rutilus rutilus)
1996
SUMMARYRoach (n= 81) caught on 23 May, 1992 from oligotrophic, unpolluted Lake Peurunka were kept in cages over a 2-week period before moving half of the fish to nearby Lake Vatia, which is influenced by pulp mill effluents. Before moving the fish gill parasites were examined from 9 fish; 5Dactylogyrusspecies,Gyrodactylussp. andParadiplozoon homoionwere found, the main components of the infracommunities being dactylogyrids. Afterwards, 5 fish from each lake were studied weekly between 1 July and 17 August. Metazoan parasites were recorded from gill arches divided into 4 sections along the dorso-ventral axis.D. crucifer, D. nanus, D. micracanthusandD. suecicusoccurred in both lakes throughou…
Development of monogenean communities on the gills of roach fry (Rutilus rutilus).
1999
The formation and development of monogenean communities on the gills of roach fry was followed in 1992 from early June to October (size range 9 to 47 mm). Roach fry (n=291) were sampled weekly from the small, humic River Rutajoki in central Finland. A further 209 roach fry were reared in a fish farm supplied by water from the river. Four Dactylogyrus species were found: D. nanus, D. crucifer, D. micracanthus and D. suecicus. Other species found on the gills were Gyrodactylus sp. and Paradiplozoon homoion. The first Dactylogyrus juvenile occurred on a 12 mm long fish fry in late June and the first adult (D. nanus) 1 week later in Tank 1. D. nanus was also the most common parasite in the rive…
Dactylogyrids on the gills of roach in central Finland: Features of infection and species composition
1991
Monogenean parasites were examined from the gills of 660 roach (Rutilus rutilus) in four interconnected lakes in Central Finland between February and November 1986 and in three of the same lakes between February and December 1988. One of the lakes is eutrophic and polluted due to a paper and pulp mill, one is oligotrophic and in a natural state, and the other two lakes are eutrophic. The prevalence of Dactylogyrus infection was always high. Differences between the lakes and the years were observed in the intensity of infection, which was significantly higher in the polluted lake. The intensity was also higher in older fish. Nine Dactylogyrus species were found, and of these D. crucifer and …