Search results for "HALO"

Melting point, molecular symmetry and aggregation of tetrachlorobenzene isomers: the role of halogen bonding

2018

Tetrachlorobenzenes represent one of the best known, but not yet fully understood, group of isomers of the structure–melting point relationship. The differences in melting temperatures of these structurally related compounds were rationalized in terms of the hierarchy and nature of formed noncovalent interactions, and the molecular aggregation that is influenced by molecular symmetry. The highest melting point is associated with the highly symmetric 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomer. The structures of less symmetrical 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, determined at 270 and 90 K, show a distinct pattern of halogen bonds, characterized by the different numbers and typ…

Cobalt, copper and zinc octacarboxyphthalocyanine activity in anaerobic oxidation of -SH group containing compounds

2007

Wykonano serię pomiarów elektrochemicznych w celu określenia aktywności katalitycznej oktakarboksyftalocyjaniny kobaltu, cynku i miedzi w anaerobowym utlenianiu związków organicznych zawierających grupę-SH. Badano następujące substraty: 2-tioetanol (TE), L-cysteinę i 1,4-ditio-2,3-butanodiol (DTT). Jako elektrodę wskaźnikową stosowano elektrodę grafitową GE. Przeprowadzono badania dla roztworów substratów, w których potencjalny katalizator był rozpuszczony, jak i dla roztworów, w których katalizator był zaadsorbowany na powierzchni elektrody GE. Jedynie oktakarboksyftalocyjanina kobaltu, CoPcOC, zaadsorbowana na powierzchni elektrody grafitowej okazała się dobrym katalizatorem heterogennym.…

Hydrogen bonding properties of amorphous water-saccharide matrixes and bioprotection

2009

Sodanjälkeisen Suomen rakentamisesta : arkkitehti Raimo Halosen ura ja tuotanto Jyväskylän kantakaupunkialueella vuosina 1956-1997

2013

Chemoselective, Substrate-directed Fluorination of Functionalized Cyclopentane β-Amino Acids

2016

This work describes a substrate-directed fluorination of some highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives. The cyclic products incorporating CH2 F or CHF2 moieties in their structure have been synthesized from diexo- or diendo-norbornene β-amino acids following a stereocontrolled strategy. The synthetic study was based on an oxidative transformation of the ring carbon-carbon double bond of the norbornene β-amino acids, followed by transformation of the resulted "all cis" and "trans" diformyl intermediates by fluorination with "chemodifferentiation".

Structures and energetic properties of 4-halobenzamides

2018

The amide bond represents one of the most fundamental functional groups in chemistry. The properties of amides are defined by amidic resonance (nN→π*C=O conjugation), which enforces planarity of the six atoms comprising the amide bond. Despite the importance of 4-halo-substituted benzamides in organic synthesis, molecular interactions and medicinal chemistry, the effect of 4-halo-substitution on the properties of the amide bond in N,N-disubstituted benzamides has not been studied. Herein, we report the crystal structures and energetic properties of a full series of 4-halobenzamides. The structures of four 4-halobenzamides (halo = iodo, bromo, chloro and fluoro) in the N-morpholinyl series h…

Neural Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Precise Grip Force Regulation: A Combined EEG-fNIRS Study

2020

Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical areas. Aging leads to changes in oscillatory and hemodynamic brain activity and impairments in motor control. However, the relationship between age-related changes in motor control and brain activity is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-related and task-complexity-related changes in grip force control and the underlying oscillatory and hemodynamic activity. Sixteen younger [age (mean ± SD) = 25.4 ± 1.9, 20–30 years] and 16 older (age = 56.7 ± 4.7, 50–70 years) healthy men were…

Proprioceptive response strength in the primary sensorimotor cortex is invariant to the range of finger movement

2023

Available online 13 February 2023 Proprioception is the sense of body position and movement that relies on afference from the proprioceptors in muscles and joints. Proprioceptive responses in the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex can be elicited by stim- ulating the proprioceptors using evoked (passive) limb movements. In magnetoencephalography (MEG), propri- oceptive processing can be quantified by recording the movement evoked fields (MEFs) and movement-induced beta power modulations or by computing corticokinematic coherence (CKC) between the limb kinematics and cortical activity. We examined whether cortical proprioceptive processing quantified with MEF peak strength, relative beta supp…

Samstämmighet i bedömning av muntlig färdighet i andraspråk

2017

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia suullisen puhetaidon arvioinnin yhteneväisyyttä ruotsin kielen puhekokeessa. Tutkimuksessa informantit arvioivat 10 puheensuoritusta, jotka oli toteu-tettu Yleisen kielitutkinnon (YKI) puitteissa. Puhetaidon arvioinnin yhteneväisyyden tutkiminen toteutettiin vertaamalla YKI-arvioijien ja informanttien arviointien yhtäläisyyttä. Lisäksi aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla määritin, miten informantit soveltavat puhetaidon kriteerejä, joita eivät entuudestaan tunne. Kirjallisista arviointiperusteluista muodostettiin teemakategoriat arvioinneille, minkä lisäksi numeerisista arvioinneista muodostettiin numeeri-set vertailutaulukot. Tutkimuksen perustee…

Pfeiffer syndrome: clinical and genetic findings in five Brazilian families

2014

Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) is mainly characterized by craniosysnostosis, midface hypoplasia, great toes with partial syndactyly of the digits and broad and medially deviated thumbs. It is caused by allelic mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and 2) genes. This study describes the clinical and genetic features of five Brazilian families affected by PS. All patients exhibited the classical phenotypes related to PS. The genetic analysis was able to detect the mutations Cys278Phe, Cys342Arg, and Val359Leu in three of these families. Two mutations were de novo, with one familial. We identified pathogenic mutations in four PS cases in five Brazilian families by PCR seque…