Search results for "HAV"

Not just the sum of its parts : Geographic variation and nonadditive effects of pyrazines in the chemical defence of an aposematic moth

2022

Chemical defences often vary within and between populations both in quantity and quality, which is puzzling if prey survival is dependent on the strength of the defence. We investigated the within- and between-population variability in chemical defence of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis). The major components of its defences, SBMP (2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine) and IBMP (2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine), are volatiles that deter bird attacks. We hypothesized that (1) variation in the chemical defences of male wood tiger moths reflects the local predation pressure; (2) observed differences in quantity and quality of defence among populations have a genetic basis; and (3) increasing con…

Comparative transcriptomics of albino and warningly‐coloured caterpillars

2021

Abstract Coloration is perhaps one of the most prominent adaptations for survival and reproduction of many taxa. Coloration is of particular importance for aposematic species, which rely on their coloring and patterning acting as a warning signal to deter predators. Most research has focused on the evolution of warning coloration by natural selection. However, little information is available for color mutants of aposematic species, particularly at the genomic level. Here, I compare the transcriptomes of albino mutant caterpillars of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) to those of their full sibs having their distinctive orange‐black warning coloration. The results showed >29…

The giant panda is cryptic

2021

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic mammal, but the function of its black-and-white coloration is mysterious. Using photographs of giant pandas taken in the wild and state-of-the-art image analysis, we confirm the counterintuitive hypothesis that their coloration provides camouflage in their natural environment. The black fur blends into dark shades and tree trunks, whereas white fur matches foliage and snow when present, and intermediate pelage tones match rocks and ground. At longer viewing distances giant pandas show high edge disruption that breaks up their outline, and up close they rely more on background matching. The results are consistent across acuity-corrected c…

Suolistomikrobiston yhteys kardiometabolisten sairauksien riskitekijöihin ylipainoisilla tutkittavilla

2022

Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa selvitettiin suolistomikrobiston koostumuksen yhteyksiä kardiometabolisten sairauksien riskitekijöihin ylipainoisilla naisilla. Myös kuuden viikon kestävyysharjoittelun vaikutuksia tarkasteltiin tutkittavien suolistomikrobiston koostumukseen ja kardiometabolisiin riskitekijöihin. Lopuksi tarkasteltiin vielä muuttujien muutosten välisiä yhteyksiä. Tässä työssä on käytetty Munukan ym. (2018) tutkimuksen aineistoa. Tutkimukseen osallistui 15 ylipainoista keskimäärin 36,8-vuotiasta naista, jotka olivat sedentaarisia ja BMI oli yli 27,5 (kg/m²). Mittaukset suoritettiin perustasolla sekä kontrollijakson ja harjoitusjakson jälkeen. Mittaukset sisälsivät laboratoriotes…

Kansanlingvistisen metakielen tasoista

2016

Coaches’ Perceptions of Athletes’ Psychobiosocial States : The Case of Three Tennis Coach-Athlete Dyads

2018

Considering the limited attention paid to interpersonal aspects of emotions, this study explored coaches’ perceptions of athletes’ performance-related states and how they used this information for its regulation. Using a case study approach, three coach-athlete dyads from competitive tennis took part in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Individualized profiling of psychobiosocial states was used to assess athletes’ states in most and least successful performances and as a way of data triangulation. Findings indicated that the coaches paid attention to bodily, motor-behavioural, and operational components of a performance state, and used this information to appropriately adapt their res…

Motives for competitive sports participation in masters track and field athletes : Impact of sociodemographic factors and competitive background

2022

Objectives Masters athletes due to their lifelong engagement in sport represent a unique group to study motivation for regular physical activity, but there is less scientific data on the sport motives in masters athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of age, sex, education, nationality, competitive background and training amount with sport motives of masters track and field athletes. Methods 811 (254 women) athletes aged 35–89 years participated in European Veterans Athletics Championships in the year of 2000. Sport motives were assessed with a questionnaire and categorized into1) well-being, 2) competitive and performance 3) health and fitness motives. R…

Liikuntaneuvonnan vaikutus kognitiiviseen suoriutumiseen iäkkäillä naisilla ja miehillä

2006

Mental Skills of an Athlete as a Resource of Professional Longevity in Sport

2021

The aim of the study was to assess associations between dimensions of mental skills, psychological readiness and predictors of career longevity among current athletes. Mental skills dimensions were measured with the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT). The psychological predictors of athletic career longevity were measured with the Athletic Coping Skills Scale-28 (the ACSI-28) producing scores for seven coping skills and with the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which produced scores for confidence in competition. Overall, 253 current athletes (average age 22 years) of various competitive levels (classified to 5 groups according to the national sport classification sy…

Parents in face of addictive behavior of their children in the Polish outpatient support system – a program proposal of working with family

2017

The factors such as dynamic changes in risky attitudes of adolescents and a growing awareness of parents create present need for support operations for families. There is a loophole in the Polish system regarding the support of the family in a situation where their children present addictive behavior such as: drug use, compulsive use of the internet and video games. Polish schools employ preventive actions and pedagogical clinics have rehabilitation programs for children with school problems. However, it is difficult to find places where parents have an opportunity to exercise and to learn how to overcome parenting diffi culties. In this article an example of a program for parents and child…