Search results for "HAp"
showing 10 items of 2767 documents
Acid-catalyzed mechanocatalytic pretreatment to improve sugar release from birch sawdust : Structural and chemical aspects
2022
This study examined acid-catalyzed mechanocatalytic pretreatment of birch sawdust without a separate impregnation step. Catalyst amount and pretreatment time were the key variables. Pretreated material was mixed with water for hydrolysis (100 °C, 60 min). The efficient release of total reducing sugars from birch sawdust is significant to the path towards biofuels and biochemicals. Based on the results, the structure and surface of birch sawdust changed as a function of mechanocatalytic pretreatment. Milling time caused significant transformations in birch structure and also increased the yields of reducing sugars. The highest yield of total reducing sugar from pretreated sawdust was 23.0% a…
Intermediaalisuus, kirjallisuus, kokeellisuus
2023
Kotitalouksien varallisuusvaikutus : empiirisiä havaintoja Suomesta 1997-2010
2011
Tutkielman tarkoitus on selvittää, kuinka varallisuuden arvonmuutokset voivat vaikuttaa kotitalouksien kulutukseen. Ilmiön tunteminen on erityisen tärkeää keskuspankin likviditeetin säätelyn kannalta, koska kotitalouksien varallisuusvaikutus rahapolitiikan välittymismekanismin osana toimii sitä vahvistavasti. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkasteltavana on suomalaisten kotitalouksien neljännesvuosittainen kokonaisaineisto aikavälillä q4/1997-q3/2010. Asuntojen lyhyen aikavälin bruttovarallisuusvaikutukseksi eli kotitalouksien kulutuksen joustoksi asuntovarallisuuden arvonmuutosten suhteen estimoitiin 0.14-0.15. Rahoitusvarallisuuden osalta varallisuusvaikutus oli mitättömän pieni. Tulosta selittää to…
Raskaan liikenteen kuljettajien aerobinen kunto, työssä kuormittuminen ja palautuminen
2007
Discretising Keyfitz' entropy for studies of actuarial senescence and comparative demography
2023
1. Keyfitz’ entropy is a widely used metric to quantify the shape of the survivorship curve of populations, from plants, to animals, and microbes. Keyfitz’ entropy values 1 correspond to species with a decreasing mortality rate with age (negative senescence), and a Keyfitz entropy of exactly 1 corresponds to a constant mortality rate with age. Keyfitz’ entropy was originally defined using a continuous-time model, and has since been discretised to facilitate its calculation from discrete-time demographic data. 2. Here, we show that the previously used discretisation of the continuous-time metric does not preserve the relationship with increasing, decreasing, or constant mortality rates. To r…
Antipredatory function of head shape for vipers and their mimics.
2011
Most research into the adaptive significance of warning signals has focused on the colouration and patterns of prey animals. However, behaviour, odour and body shape can also have signal functions and thereby reduce predators' willingness to attack defended prey. European vipers all have a distinctive triangular head shape; and they are all venomous. Several non-venomous snakes, including the subfamily Natricinae, commonly flatten their heads (also known as head triangulation) when disturbed. The adaptive significance of this potential behavioural mimicry has never been investigated. We experimentally tested if the triangular head shape typical of vipers offers protection against predation.…
Sananvapaus 2000-luvulla
2023
Kirjoitus käsittelee sananvapauden kehitystä 2000-luvun aikana. Tänä aikana painettujen lehtien rinnalle ovat tulleet verkkolehdet. Televisiokanavat ovat laajentaneet tarjontaansa verkkoon ja elokuvien jakelu on siirtynyt teattereista dvd-levyille ja verkkoon. Lisäksi sosiaalisen median palvelut ovat tarjonneet alustoja ja palveluita ihmisten keskinäiseen viestintään ja keskusteluihin. Suomessa rikoslaki on tarjonnut ja tarjoaa edelleenkin keskeiset välineet haitallisen ja ei-toivotun viestinnän torjuntaan. Kirjoitus käsitteleekin kunnianloukkausta koskevan oikeuskäytännön muutosta ja kehittymistä sekä vihapuheen ja uhkailuja koskevan käytännön muutosta 2000-luvulla. Lisäksi käydään läpi jo…
Effect of low dissolved oxygen on the viability of juvenile Margaritifera margaritifera : Hypoxia tolerance ex situ
2022
The decline of endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) has been attributed to juvenile mortality caused by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the stream substrate resulting from fine sediments (siltation) that impede water exchange in the interstitial microhabitat of juveniles. If low oxygen concentration causes recruitment failure of FPMs, knowledge on the oxygen tolerance of juvenile FPMs is essential for the conservation of the species, as it will justify conservation efforts improving water exchange in the bottom gravel. However, the tolerance of low oxygen of FPM juveniles has not been directly studied. Juvenile FPMs (9–11 months old) were exposed i…
Revealing lattice disorder, oxygen incorporation and pore formation in laser induced two-photon oxidized graphene
2019
Laser induced two-photon oxidation has proven to be a reliable method to pattern and control the level of oxidation of single layer graphene, which in turn allows the development of graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices with an all-optical method. Here we provide a full structural and chemical description of modifications of air-suspended graphene during the oxidation process. By using different laser irradiation doses, we were able to show via transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy how graphene develops from its pristine form up to a completely oxidized, porous and amorphous carbon layer. Furthermore, …