Search results for "HDR"

Is high dose rate brachytherapy reliable and effective treatment for prostate cancer patients? A review of the literature.

2014

The intrinsic physical and radiobiological characteristics of High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) are well suited to the treatment of prostate cancer. HDR-BT was initially used as a boost to external beam brachytherapy, but has subsequently been employed as the sole treatment, which is termed HDR monotherapy. This review summarizes the clinical outcomes and toxicity results of the principal studies and discusses the radiobiological basis supporting its use.

Minimal manifestation status and prednisone withdrawal in the MGTX trial

2020

ObjectiveTo examine whether sustained minimal manifestation status (MMS) with complete withdrawal of prednisone is better achieved in thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized trial of thymectomy in MG (Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy [MGTX]). MGTX was a multicenter, randomized, rater-blinded 3-year trial that was followed by a voluntary 2-year extension for patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody–positive MG without thymoma. Patients were randomized 1:1 to thymectomy plus prednisone vs prednisone alone. Participants were age 18–65 years at enr…

Withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining therapy in older adults (≥ 80 years) admitted to the intensive care unit

2018

PURPOSE: To document and analyse the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment (LST) in a population of very old patients admitted to the ICU. METHODS: This prospective study included intensive care patients aged ≥ 80 years in 309 ICUs from 21 European countries with 30-day mortality follow-up. RESULTS: LST limitation was identified in 1356/5021 (27.2%) of patients: 15% had a withholding decision and 12.2% a withdrawal decision (including those with a previous withholding decision). Patients with LST limitation were older, more frail, more severely ill and less frequently electively admitted. Patients with withdrawal of LST were more frequently male and had a longer ICU len…

Social withdrawal in children moderates the association between parenting styles and the children's own socioemotional development.

2014

Background: Social withdrawal in early childhood is a risk factor for later socioemotional difficulties. This study examined the joint effects of children’s social withdrawal and mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles on children’s socioemotional development. Based on diatheses-stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility models, socially withdrawn children were assumed to be more prone to parental influences than others. Methods: Teachers rated 314 children on prosocial skills, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors at three points in time between grades 1–3. Mothers (n = 279) and fathers (n = 182) filled in questionnaires measuring their affection, and their behavio…

Drug‐refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome

2022

[Objective] To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment.

Exploring psychosocial risk factors for dropout in adolescent female soccer

2022

Objectives We examined the manner in which age, participation in other sports, socioeconomic status, perceived sport competence, achievement goal orientations, and perceived motivational climate may interact to predict the risk of dropout among adolescent female soccer players. Methods Self-reported data from 519 female soccer players between 10 and 19 years of age (M = 13.41, SD = 1.77) were analysed using a person-centred approach to uncover the interactions among risk factors and their relative predictability of dropout. Results Perceived motivational climate was identified as the main predictor, where relatively lower levels of mastery climate were associated with a higher dropout tende…

Attention and distraction have no modulatory effect on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex

2007

Interactive Guidance Intervention to Address Sustained Social Withdrawal in Preterm Infants in Chile: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020

Background Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26) than infants born full term, and there is a correlation between weight at birth and sustained social withdrawal at 12 months of age. Objective The aims of this study are to comp…

Influence of the suspension of continued treatment with flurazepam and amobarbital on two discrimination learning schedules.

1977

The authors have studied the effect of the suspension of chronic treatment with flurazepam and amobarbital on the operant behavior of rats that for the first time were in the presence of two fixed-interval discrimination schedules. With the sound discrimination schedule, the responses emitted by the treated animals had characteristics similar to those of control animals. With the temporal discrimination schedule, though it is not possible to distinguish between learning rates, modifications in the intensity of the effect (increases in lever pressing) indicate that, considering the doses, the action of flurazepam is slight and that of amobarbital clear and statistically significant.

Convergence of nociceptive and non-nociceptive inputs onto spinal reflex pathways to the tibialis anterior muscle in humans

1998

The interaction of low-threshold mechanoreceptive and nociceptive inputs onto spinal neurones probably plays a major role in the pathophysiology of the clinical sign of allodynia. This phenomenon was investigated by modulation of the early component of the flexor reflex (FR) in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial plantar nerve at the sole of the foot, by homotopically applied painful heat in humans. This early reflex with an electrical threshold of 2.7-fold the detection threshold and a mean afferent conduction velocity of 49 m s-1 is a non-nociceptive FR. When applying conditioning painful heat (46 degrees C) to the sole of the foot this refl…