Search results for "HEPATITIS B"

showing 10 items of 451 documents

Smouldering hepatitis B virus replication in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatitis delta virus superinfection

1991

Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) was studied by Southern blot analysis in liver biopsy specimens from 75 HBsAg-positive patients with chronic liver disease living in southern Italy. Twenty-seven of the patients were hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfected. Intrahepatic HBV-DNA was detected in 54 (72%) patients, 32 (59%) of them with replicative forms. The presence of replicative forms was directly related to liver HBcAg and inversely related to liver HDAg, as shown by multivariate analysis. However, 14 patients with intrahepatic HBV-DNA non-replicative pattern and about half of HDV-infected patients were liver HBcAg and/or serum HBV-DNA positive, mostly in low amounts. Hi…

AdultDNA ReplicationMaleHepatitis B virusAdolescentvirusesPopulationVirus ReplicationChronic liver diseasemedicine.disease_causeVirusmedicineHumansChildeducationAgedHepatitis B viruseducation.field_of_studyHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologymedicine.diagnostic_testbiologyLiver Diseasesvirus diseasesMiddle Agedbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseVirologyHepatitis Ddigestive system diseasesBlotting SouthernHBcAgLiverHepadnaviridaeChild PreschoolLiver biopsySuperinfectionChronic DiseaseDNA ViralImmunologyHepatitis Delta VirusJournal of Hepatology
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Studies on the Australia antigen

1972

Australia antigen typings on leprosy and control samples from West Bengal (India) and Angola (Africa) showed a considerably higher incidence of this antigen in lepromatous lepers as compared with other types of this disease resp. controls. By this the findings of Blumberg et al. (1967) in the Philippines could be confirmed. The possible reasons for this observations are discussed.

AdultElectrophoresisAdolescentBlack PeopleIndiaBiologyWhite PeopleHepatitis B AntigensAntigenLeprosyGeneticsmedicineHumansChildGenetics (clinical)AgedHepatitisLepromatous leprosyIncidence (epidemiology)Middle AgedHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseGenetics PopulationPhenotypeAngolaImmunologyWest bengalLeprosyHuman Genetics
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Liver transplantation: the Italian experience

2002

Abstract Background. Liver transplantation is the standard treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease no longer responsive to conventional medical treatment Aims . To report the longterm experience of liver transplantation in Italy. Patients and Methods . Data were obtained retrospective by means of a multiple-item form collected from 15 Italian liver transplant centres. The filing centre was centralized. Results . A total of 3323 liver transplants were performed on 3026 patients, with a cumulative proportional survival of 72.4%. Three, 5 and 10 years' patient survival rates were 72.3%, 68.8% and 61.3%, respectively. The most common indication for liver transplantation were hepatit…

AdultGraft RejectionMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAlcoholic liver diseaseCirrhosisAdolescentmedicine.medical_treatmentLiver transplantationGastroenterologyLiver diseaseRecurrenceInternal medicinePrevalenceMedicineHumansAgedRetrospective StudiesLiver transplantationHepatologybusiness.industryLiver DiseasesPatient SelectionGastroenterologyHepatitis CHepatitis BMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseTransplantationSurvival RateItalyFemaleHepatitis D virusbusinessLiver disease
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Hepatitis B surface antigen presentation and HLA-DRB1*– lessons from twins and peptide binding studies

2005

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the genetic association between certain HLA-DRB1* alleles and the immune response to HBsAg vaccination. Therefore, HBsAg peptide binding to HLA-DR molecules was measured in vitro by peptide binding ELISAs. Additionally, HBsAg-specific T cell reaction and cytokine profile of immune response were analysed ex vivo in ELISPOT assays and DR-restriction of T-cell proliferative responses was investigated with HBsAg specific T cell clones. In addition, we compared HBsAg specific T cell responses of 24 monozygotic and 3 dizygotic twin pairs after HBsAg vaccination. Our results showed that the peptide binding assays did not…

AdultHBsAgAdolescentT cellDizygotic twinMolecular Sequence DataImmunologyAntigen presentationAntibody AffinityTwinsMonozygotic twinEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPeptide bindingLymphocyte ActivationMajor histocompatibility complexBinding CompetitiveClinical StudiesmedicineHLA-DRHumansImmunology and AllergyHepatitis B VaccinesAmino Acid SequenceCells CulturedAgedAntigen PresentationHepatitis B Surface Antigensbiologyvirus diseasesDendritic CellsHLA-DR AntigensMiddle AgedTh1 CellsVirologydigestive system diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologybiology.proteinCytokinesHLA-DRB1 ChainsClinical and Experimental Immunology
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The influence of major histocompatibility complex class II genes and T-cell Vbeta repertoire on response to immunization with HBsAg.

1998

Nonresponsiveness to HBsAg vaccination is observed in 5-10% of vaccine recipients and is possibly caused by a defect in the T helper cell compartment. The immune response to HBsAg is influenced by genes of the major histocompatibility complex. We have investigated MHC class I and class II antigens in 53 adult responders and 73 nonresponders. Results obtained in this first study were tested in a second study with 56 responders and 62 nonresponders from an infant vaccination trial. In addition, the peripheral Vbeta-chain T-cell receptor repertoire was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and flow-cytometry in 26 adult responders and 38 nonresponders. As previously reported, nonresponsiven…

AdultHBsAgT cellReceptors Antigen T-Cell alpha-betaImmunologyGenes MHC Class IIMajor histocompatibility complexCohort StudiesImmune systemGene FrequencyMHC class ImedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansHepatitis B VaccinesAllelesDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineHepatitis B Surface AntigensbiologyT-cell receptorInfantGeneral MedicineT helper cellHLA-DR AntigensVirologyVaccinationmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologybiology.proteinImmunizationHLA-DRB1 ChainsHuman immunology
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Pregnant women as a sentinel population to target and implement hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine coverage: a three-year survey in Palermo, Sicily.

2004

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine coverage was assessed using serologic patterns of infection (HBsAg, anti HBc) and vaccine-induced immunity (isolated anti HBs) among 3318 pregnant women attending the Obstetrical Unit of the University Hospital in Palermo who were screened over 3 years (2001-2003). Three thousand and eight of them (90.6%) were born in Sicily, whereas 310 (9.4%) were immigrants from non-EU countries. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 1.1%, and it was significantly higher among immigrant than indigenous women (4.2% versus 0.8%; OR 5.26; p < 0.0001). Serologic evidence of past HBV infection (anti HBc) also was significantly higher in immigrants than in Sicilian women (24.5% ve…

AdultHepatitis B Surface AntigensAdolescentPregnant womenAge FactorsEmigration and ImmigrationMiddle AgedSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataHepatitis BItalyPregnancyHumansFemaleHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis AntibodiesSentinel SurveillanceHBV infectionHBV vaccinationVaccine
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Selection of a precore mutant after vertical transmission of different hepatitis B virus variants is correlated with fulminant hepatitis in infants

1995

The incidence of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends on the HBeAg/anti-HBe status of the mother. While children of HBeAg-positive mothers have a 90% probability of acquiring a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier state, babies of anti-HBe-positive mothers are more likely to develop fulminant hepatitis within the first 3 to 4 months of life. There is evidence that precore (pre-C) mutations of the HBV can be associated with fulminant hepatitis. The pre-C region was therefore examined in sera from nine infants with fulminant hepatitis after vertical transmission, one HBeAg-positive and seven anti-HBe-positive mothers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequence ana…

AdultHepatitis B virusAdolescentMolecular Sequence DataPopulationmedicine.disease_causeVirusPregnancyVirologymedicineHumansHepatitis B e AntigensFulminant hepatitiseducationHepatitis B viruseducation.field_of_studyBase Sequencebiologyvirus diseasesHepatitis BHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologyInfectious Disease Transmission Verticaldigestive system diseasesInfectious DiseasesHepadnaviridaeHBeAgDNA ViralMutationImmunologyFemaleViral diseaseSequence AnalysisJournal of Medical Virology
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HLA-DRB1*1301 AND *1302 protect against chronic hepatitis B

1997

Abstract Background/Aims: The outcome of acute hepatitis B infection may be influenced by host factors like the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We have investigated MHC class I and class II antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to a healthy control population. To confirm the findings of this first study we performed a second study in a group of subjects who had spontaneously recovered from acute hepatitis B infection. Methods: Frequencies of MHC class I and class II antigens were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and in control subjects. MHC class I typing was done by standard microlymphocytotoxicity assays. DRB1 and DQA1 genotypes were d…

AdultHepatitis B virusRemission SpontaneousPopulationEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMajor histocompatibility complexmedicine.disease_causePolymerase Chain ReactionHLA-DQ alpha-ChainsVirusHLA-DQ AntigensMHC class ImedicineHumansSerologic TestsProspective StudiesHepatitis B AntibodieseducationHLA-DRB1AllelesHepatitis B viruseducation.field_of_studyMHC class IIHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybiologyHLA-DR AntigensHepatitis BVirologyChronic infectionImmunoglobulin GChronic DiseaseDNA ViralImmunologybiology.proteinHLA-DRB1 ChainsJournal of Hepatology
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No Association between Mannose-Binding Lectin Alleles and Susceptibility to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in German Patients

1998

Variants of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) have been shown to be associated with low serum concentrations of the protein and to predispose to bacterial, fungal and viral infections. A recent small study on 33 Caucasian patients had suggested that a mutation at codon 52 of the MBL gene is associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Exon 1 of the MBL gene was amplified by PCR in 61 patients with chronic HBV infection, 28 patients with acute infection and in 60 controls. MBL variants were detected by subsequent restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. The occurrence of the codon 52 mutation in patients with chronic HBV infection did not differ significantl…

AdultImmunologychemical and pharmacologic phenomenamedicine.disease_causePolymerase Chain ReactionVirusExonHepatitis B ChronicGeneticsmedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseProspective StudiesAlleleGeneAllelesGenetics (clinical)Mannan-binding lectinElectrophoresis Agar GelMutationbiologyLectinDNAHepatitis Bbacterial infections and mycosesMBL deficiencymedicine.diseaseVirologyCollectinsAcute DiseaseMutationImmunologybiology.proteinCarrier ProteinsExperimental and Clinical Immunogenetics
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Fibrosis is not just fibrosis - basement membrane modelling and collagen metabolism differs between hepatitis B- and C-induced injury

2016

BACKGROUND: While morphological patterns differ, the molecular phenotype of liver fibrosis is considered a stereotypical response to chronic liver injury. However, with different cellular triggers and networks regulating fibrosis, the molecular responses of the injured liver may not be identical.AIM: To investigate whether differences in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of the liver during fibrogenesis in two seemingly similar types of viral hepatitis could be reflected by differences in ECM turnover.METHODS: Utilising a cross-sectional design, we measured specific ECM protein fragments in plasma from 197 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 403 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients ma…

AdultLiver CirrhosisMale0301 basic medicinePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyInflammationMatrix metalloproteinaseBasement MembraneExtracellular matrix03 medical and health sciencesHepatitis B Chronic0302 clinical medicineFibrosisJournal ArticlemedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)Basement membraneExtracellular Matrix ProteinsHepatologybusiness.industryGastroenterologyHepatitis CHepatitis C ChronicMiddle AgedHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseMatrix MetalloproteinasesExtracellular MatrixCross-Sectional Studies030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureBiochemistryFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyCollagenmedicine.symptomViral hepatitisbusinessBiomarkersAlimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics
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