Search results for "HERBICIDE"
showing 10 items of 273 documents
N-(2-PIRYDYLAMINO) METHYLENEBISPHOSPHONIC ACID AS A SOLE SOURCE OF A FUNGI FUSARIUM STRAINS GROWING
2016
The active substance of new herbicide generation is N-(2-pirydyloamino) methylenobisphosphonic acid. Two strains Fusarium culmorum CB3 and Fusarium oxysporum XVI, isolated from soil treated with examined substance, were chosen to investigation of using it as a sole source of phosphorus, nitrogen or carbon in the concentrations at 1.0 mM. Interactions between the dominating strains of fungi and N-(2-pirydyloamino) methylenobisphosphonic acid, mycelium growth rate, the spore germinate index, the level chemical changes of N-(2-pirydyloamino) methylenobisphosphonic acid and pH were investigated after cultivation in mineral medium and its modifications. The results of growth kinetics of the stud…
Horizontal gene transfer of atrazine-degrading genes (atz) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens St96-4 pADP1::Tn5 to bacteria of maize-cultivated soil
2005
International audience; The plasmid pADP1::Tn5 derived from pADP1[Atr(+)] carrying a TnS transposon conferring kanamycin and streptomycin resistances was constructed and introduced in Agrobacterium tumefaciens St96-4. This genetically modified strain was inoculated (similar to 108 cfu g(-1)) in potted soils planted with maize and treated or not with atrazine (1.5 mg kg(-1)). Bulk and maize rhizosphere soils were sampled 39 days after planting to look for soil indigenous bacteria that had acquired pADP1::Tn5. Four transconjugants were isolated from four different soil samples. The estimated transfer frequency of pADP1::Tn5 was 10(-4) per donor. Maize rhizosphere and atrazine treatment had no…
Eel ATPase activity as biomarker of thiobencarb exposure
2003
Abstract European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) were exposed to a sublethal thiobencarb concentration of 0.22 mg/L in a flow-through system for 96 h. Mg 2+ and Na + –K + adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were evaluated in gill and muscle tissues at 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of thiobencarb exposure. Gill ATPase activities were rapidly inhibited from 2 h of contact onward. Highest inhibition was registered for Na + , K + -ATPase (85%) from 2 to 12 h. Both Mg 2+ and total ATPase were inhibited (>73%) during the first hours of toxicant exposure. At the end of the exposure period (96 h) ATPase activities were still different from those of the controls (>50%). Significant inhibition was…
Extraction of glyphosate by a supported liquid membrane technique.
2000
The possible application of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) technique for the extraction of glyphosate is presented. For the extraction of this compound the SLM system has been applied with utilisation of Aliquat 336 as a cationic carrier incorporated into the membrane phase. The extraction efficiency of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is dependent on the donor phase pH, carrier concentration in the organic phase and NaCl concentration in the acceptor phase. The optimal extraction conditions are: donor phase pH>11, acceptor phase of 2 M NaCl solution and the organic phase composed of 20% (w/w) Aliquot 336 solution in di-hexyl ether. Counter-coupled transport of chloride anions f…
Female Preference and Adverse Developmental Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicides on Ecologically Relevant Traits in Japanese Quails
2019
Controversial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides globally. An increasing number of studies have identified GBH residues in soil, water, and even human food that may expose nontarget organisms including wildlife, livestock, and humans to health risks. After a heated debate, the European Union allowed the use of GBHs to continue until 2022, after which their risks will be re-evaluated. Thus, decision makers urgently need scientific evidence on GBH residues and their possible effects on ecosystems. An important, yet neglected, aspect is to assess whether animals show preference or avoidance for GBH-contaminated food, as it can influence the likelihood of…
Adsorption of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) by goethite.
2014
Interaction between the goethite surface and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) herbicide was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with molecular dynamics (MD). The important step made here lies in the use of a periodic DFT method enabling the study of a mineral surface of different protonation states, in strong contrast with previous molecular modeling studies limited to single protonation state corresponding to the point of zero charge. Different surface OH groups and MCPA proton states were used to mimic the strong effects of pH on the outer- and inner-sphere surface complexes that are theoretically possible, together with their binding energies, an…
Microtubule distribution in gravitropic protonemata of the mossCeratodon
1990
Tip cells of dark-grown protonemata of the moss Ceratodon purpureus are negatively gravitropic (grow upward). They possess a unique longitudinal zonation: (1) a tip group of amylochloroplasts in the apical dome, (2) a plastid-free zone, (3) a zone of significant plastid sedimentation, and (4) a zone of mostly non-sedimenting plastids. Immunofluorescence of vertical cells showed microtubules distributed throughout the cytoplasm in a mostly axial orientation extending through all zones. Optical sectioning revealed a close spatial association between microtubules and plastids. A majority (two thirds) of protonemata gravistimulated for > 20 min had a higher density of microtubules near the lowe…
La résistance du vulpin des champs aux anti-graminées dans les blés en France. La métabolisation : son importance crée une situation à risque
2006
National audience; La résistance du Vulpin aux anti-graminées inhibiteurs de l'acétyl-coenzyme carboxylase ACC],« fops » et « dimes ») constitue un problème de désherbage majeur en France. 243 populations de vulpin (116 essentiellement dans le nord-est de la France, 127en Côte-d'Or) ont été analysées à l'aide de tests biologiques de sensibilité à des inhibiteurs de l'ACC et de tests moléculaires d'identification de résistances de cible. Des résistances ont été identifiées dans 241 des 243 populations. L'essentiel (plus de 75%) des résistances aux deux « fops» les plus utilisés est dû à des résistances par métabolisation.Ces résistances sont les plus préoccupantes en terme de gestion chimiqu…
Highly Fluorinated 2,2′-Biphenols and Related Compounds: Relationship between Substitution Pattern and Herbicidal Activity
2013
A broad range of halogenated 2,2'-biphenols was tested for applicability as crop protection agents. The activity of these compounds toward four typical pest plants was observed after application by spraying of diluted solutions. Despite their rather simple structure, it was found that the studied compounds reveal a surprisingly high herbicidal impact. To gain a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship, specific sites of the molecule were chemically modified and the core structures thus gradually changed. The influence of the substitution pattern on the herbicidal properties is discussed, and conclusions on the active site of the biphenol structure are drawn. It was observ…
Glyphosate-based herbicide has soil-mediated effects on potato glycoalkaloids and oxidative status of a potato pest
2020
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, targeting physiological pathways in plants. Recent studies have shown that glyphosate can also cause toxic effects in animals. We investigated the glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH)-induced changes in potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant chemistry and the effects of a GBH on the survival rate and oxidative status of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). The beetles were reared on potato plants grown in pots containing soil treated with a GBH (Roundup Gold, 450 g/l) or untreated soil (water control). The 2nd instar larvae were introduced to the potato plants and then collected in 2 phases: as 4th instar larvae and as adults. The ma…