Search results for "HERBIVORY"

Comparative analysis of PR gene expression in tomato inoculated with virulent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and the biocontrol strain F. oxys…

2008

Non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum have the capacity to protect plants against wilt induced by pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum. Among the mechanisms involved in this protection, induced systemic resistance has been demonstrated by using a split-root method. The aim of this study was to follow the accumulation kinetics of transcripts encoding 5 PR proteins in roots and leaves of tomato inoculated with a pathogenic or a protective strain in comparison to non-inoculated control. Moreover quantification of transcripts was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in cell cultures inoculated with the pathogenic or the protective strain. Results showed a lower expression of PR encoding genes in t…

Electrochemical ecology: VIMP monitoring of plant defense against external stressors

2015

The use of the voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) approach, by means of the voltammetric response of microparticulate films from ethanolic leaf extracts in contact with aqueous electrolytes and direct contact probe leaf voltammetry, to monitor the defense of plants against external stressors is described. This approach is applied to study the chemical communication between plants of Peperomia obtusifolia A. Dietr. submitted to herbivory by the beetle Monoplatus sp.

In vivo Electrochemical Monitoring of Signaling Transduction of Plant Defense Against Stress in Leaves of Aloe vera L.

2020

Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays.

2014

International audience; Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of "PAMP, MAMP, and DAMP (Pathogen-, Microbe-, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) type" oligosaccharides is presented and examples of induced defense events are provided. A particular attention is paid to the structure/activity relationships of these compounds. The role of sugars as…

Reconstruction of human subsistence and husbandry strategies from the Iberian Early Neolithic: A stable isotope approach

2018

Objectives The Early Neolithic involved an important social and economic shift that can be tested not only with the material culture, but also through biomolecular approaches. The Iberian Peninsula presents few Early Neolithic sites where fauna and humans can be analyzed together from an isotopic perspective. Here we present an isotopic study on the site of Cueva de Chaves as an example for understanding the dietary and economical changes that took place during Early Neolithic in Iberia. Material and methods Here we apply carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to bone collagen from 4 humans and 64 faunal samples from 14 different species. The large dataset belongs to the same unique ch…

Activation of Grapevine Defense Mechanisms: Theoretical and Applied Approaches

2011

part 4.; International audience; Grapevine, as other plants, possesses an innate immune system that usually prevents infection by pathogens. General elicitors are compounds of different biochemical families capable of inducing plant defense reactions. In grapevine, the cascade of defense events induced by elicitors has been studied among others in cell suspensions. The perception of the elicitor triggers signaling events that allow the activation of defense genes encoding PR proteins and other proteins involved in phytoalexin production and cell wall reinforcement. The grapevine phytoalexins resveratrol and derivated compounds have been largely studied. In addition to their antimicrobial ac…

Herbivore-Induced Changes in Cotton Modulates Reproductive Behavior in the Moth Spodoptera littoralis

2017

Plants produce chemical defense compounds to resist herbivore attack either by repelling the herbivores or attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. We have previously shown that volatile compounds from cotton released in response to herbivory by conspecifics reduce oviposition in cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis. It remained, however, unclear whether herbivore-induced changes also affect moth pre-mating and mating behaviors. In this study we examined the effect of herbivore-induced changes in cotton on reproductive behaviors i.e., female calling, male attraction and investment, and mating behavior in S. littoralis. We found a reduction in the number of females calling i.e., f…

Plant-herbivorous beetle networks : molecular characterization of trophic ecology within a threatened steppic environment

2015

DNA barcoding facilitates many evolutionary and ecological studies, including the examination of the dietary diversity of herbivores. In this study, we present a survey of ecological associations between herbivorous beetles and host plants from seriously threatened European steppic grasslands. We determined host plants for the majority (65%) of steppic leaf beetles (55 species) and weevils (59) known from central Europe using two barcodes (trnL and rbcL) and two sequencing strategies (Sanger for mono/oligophagous species and Illumina for polyphagous taxa). To better understand the ecological associations between steppic beetles and their host plants, we tested the hypothesis that leaf beetl…

Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline

2015

International audience; Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial func…