Search results for "HIERARCHY"

Transport policy and climate change: How to decide when experts disagree

2008

Abstract Transport is the sector with the fastest growth of greenhouse gases emissions in many countries. Accumulation of these emissions may cause uncertain and irreversible adverse climate change impacts. In this context, we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to face the question on how to select the best transport policy if the experts have different opinions and beliefs on the occurrence of these impacts. Thus, both the treatment of uncertainty and dissent are examined for the ranking of transport policies. The opinions of experts have been investigated by a means of a survey questionnaire. A sensitivity analysis of the experts’ weights and the criteria’ weights confirms the robus…

Cultural and communicational traits of oral health care: results of a Finnish case study.

2006

This paper aims to describe the cultural and communicational traits of Finnish oral health care. First, employees' views and experiences regarding their organization and their position within it are investigated and, second, relations between different individual and organizational factors are analyzed. Finally, a conceptual framework of organizational coherence is constructed.The paper shows that data collection (n = 58, 84 percent response rate) was carried out in 2002 at a Finnish dental clinic by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed statistically by using, among other things, non-parametric tests and a structural equation model (LISREL) and qualitatively by usin…

The emergence and adaptive use of prestige in an online social learning task

2020

AbstractPrestige-biased social learning occurs when individuals preferentially learn from others who are highly respected, admired, copied, or attended to in their group. This form of social learning is argued to reflect novel forms of social hierarchy in human societies, and, by providing an efficient short-cut to acquiring adaptive information, underpin the cumulative cultural evolution that has contributed to our species’ ecological success. Despite these potentially important consequences, little empirical work to date has tested the basic predictions of prestige-biased social learning. Here we provide evidence supporting the key predictions that prestige-biased social learning is used …

Preliminary organizational culture scale focused on artifacts

2006

In this preliminary study, an organizational culture scale was developed to assess cultural artifacts according to Schein´s typology (1985). It includes a set of cultural artifacts to measure the extent to which an organization is more or less traditional. A total of 249 managers from a range of different companies responded to the items. Preliminary analysis yielded a one-dimensional scale with 14 items with high internal consistency and homogeneity.

Mobbing in Schools and Hospitals in Uruguay: Prevalence and Relation to Loss of Status.

2017

In the present study in secondary schools and hospitals in Uruguay ( N = 187), we examined the relationship between feeling the victim of mobbing and a perceived loss of status. Nearly all forms of mobbing were more prevalent among hospital employees than among school employees. Among hospital employees, 40.4%, and among school employees, 23.9% reported being the victim of mobbing at least once a week. Being the victim of mobbing was, in both hospitals and schools, more prevalent among older employees, and in hospitals, among employees who were more highly educated and who had been employed for a longer time. Men and women did not differ in reporting that one was a victim of mobbing, but m…

The Big Five Traits and Their Ramifications

2020

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the Big Five traits, discussed in relation to the classical and modern views on the trait hierarchy. In the next section the socioaffective, cognitive and educational, as well as behavioural ramifications of each trait are outlined in order to create a general background for the analysis of the Big Five in the foreign language learning context. In the light of the above considerations, each trait appears to have beneficial, and also negative effects for the individual’s functioning. Finally, a discussion of age and gender differences in the Big Five, and their development across the lifespan is offered.

Influence of gene action across different time scales on behavior.

2002

Genes can affect natural behavioral variation in different ways. Allelic variation causes alternative behavioral phenotypes, whereas changes in gene expression can influence the initiation of behavior at different ages. We show that the age-related transition by honey bees from hive work to foraging is associated with an increase in the expression of the foraging ( for ) gene, which encodes a guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)–dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP treatment elevated PKG activity and caused foraging behavior. Previous research showed that allelic differences in PKG expression result in two Drosophila foraging variants. The same gene can thus exert different types of influe…

Characterization of the consistent completion of analytic hierarchy process comparison matrices using graph theory

2018

An Overview on Algebraic Structures

2016

This chapter recaps and formalizes concepts used in the previous sections of this book. Furthermore, this chapter reorganizes and describes in depth the topics mentioned at the end of Chap. 1, i.e. a formal characterization of the abstract algebraic structures and their hierarchy. This chapter is thus a revisited summary of concepts previously introduced and used and provides the mathematical basis for the following chapters.

Weakly algebraizable logics

2000

AbstractIn the paper we study the class of weakly algebraizable logics, characterized by the monotonicity and injectivity of the Leibniz operator on the theories of the logic. This class forms a new level in the non-linear hierarchy of protoalgebraic logics.