Search results for "HIV"
showing 10 items of 1527 documents
The implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis in Spain without women
2018
El objetivo del presente artículo es la exposición sucinta de la exclusión de las mujeres en la resolución del 27 de Julio de 2017 en el que se explicita el convenio de colaboración entre la Dirección General de Salud Pública, Calidad e Innovación y la empresa Gilead Servicios S.L.U. Este convenio es la formalización de la entrada e implementación de la profilaxis preexposición ante el VIH en el territorio nacional. La profilaxis preexposición ante el VIH es una novedosa intervención biomédica de carácter preventivo aplicada en personas que no viven con el VIH, que contiene como parte fundamental la ingesta diaria de un medicamento llamado Truvada, formado por dos componentes farmacológicos…
Hepatitis E seroprevalence and viremia rate in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
2020
Background and aims Hepatitis E is an infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Immunocompromised patients present a particular risk group, as chronification of hepatitis E leading to life-threatening cirrhosis occurs when these patients are infected. Therefore, this study aims to estimate and compare the anti-HEV seroprevalence and the rate of HEV RNA positivity in transplant recipients and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis involved a literature search (PubMed, Scopus; 1,138 studies) including 120 studies from 1996 to 2019, reporting anti-HEV seroprevalence and/or HEV-RNA positivity. Statistical a…
Role of the dental surgeon in the early detection of adults with underlying HIV infection / AIDS
2011
A review is made of the late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a subject of growing interest in public health. It has been estimated that in Europe 30% of all HIV-infected people are unaware of their seropositive condition, and this in turn is associated with a poorer long-term disease prognosis and an increased risk of transmission to other individuals. The role of the dental surgeon in this context could be of great importance, since there are many oral lesions that can suggest the existence of underlying infection. The study also addresses the controversial subject of rapid HIV testing, and whether these tests should be performed on a routine basis in the dental …
Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome in HIV Infection
2009
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically improved the prognosis of HIV-positive patients. However, long-term adverse effects of this therapy include dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), changes in body fat distribution (lipodystrophy), and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). IR in HIV-positive patients does not seem to represent a significant independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease; nevertheless, the association with other metabolic complications (dyslipidemia, fat redistribution) and CMS may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The use of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with the …
The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria
2022
This update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed following the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm), and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology with the participation of 64 delegates of 50 national and international soci…
Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 in Madrid, Spain: a Phylogeographic Analysis ▿
2011
ABSTRACT The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is constantly changing, mainly as a result of human migratory flows and the high adaptive ability of the virus. In recent years, Spain has become one of Europe's main destinations for immigrants and one of the western European countries with the highest rates of HIV-positive patients. Using a phylogeographic approach, we have analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 variants detected in immigrant and native populations of the urban area of Madrid. Our project was based on two coincidental facts. First, resistance tests were extended to naïve and newly diagnosed patients, and second, the Spanish government legislated the provision of legal status t…
Ethics and the treatment as prevention strategy among transgender women living with HIV in Argentina
2020
While numerous ethical concerns have been voiced regarding HIV service scale-up strategies targeting key populations, few studies have examined these from the perspective of affected groups. This study therefore sought to understand transgender women's experiences and perspectives of targeted HIV services scale-up in the context of Argentina's Treatment as Prevention strategy. In 2016, 25 purposively selected transgender women living with HIV were interviewed by a peer research associate. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using participatory coding techniques. Findings suggest that procedures around informed consent, including the provision of full informatio…
Current and Future Trends in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections
2021
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to exert a considerable public health and social burden globally, particularly for developing countries. Due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infections and the limitations of symptom-based (syndromic) diagnosis, confirmation of infection using laboratory tools is essential to choose the most appropriate course of treatment and to screen at-risk groups. Numerous laboratory tests and platforms have been developed for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, genital mycoplasmas, herpesviruses, and human papillomavirus. Point-of-care testing is now a possibility, and microfluidic and high-throughput omics technologies promise to revo…
Direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infections in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus
2011
Summary Nearly three-quarters of human immunodeficiency virus–hepatitis C virus (HIV-HCV) coinfected patients in France currently need to be cured of their chronic HCV infection. The increase in sustained virological response rates obtained with the recently available HCV protease inhibitors in treatment-naive genotype-1 patients has generated considerable hope in these co-infected patients. However, several particularities (such as a higher baseline HCV load, more advanced liver fibrosis, frequent co-morbidities, and the risk of toxicity and drug–drug interactions) have not allowed the direct extrapolation of the results observed in HCV-monoinfected patients to patients with HIV-HCV co-inf…
Direct-acting antiviral-based therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients
2015
The aim of this review was to detail the current therapies and treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus in coinfected patients, focusing on HCV antiviral agents currently used in practice today or scheduled to enter the open market soon. Several direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combinations show high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, which are often close to those observed in HCV-monoinfected patients. Most recommendations regarding treatment stem from trials with coinfected patients. However, data are lacking for some aspects of HCV-treatment in coinfection, so extrapolations must be made from data obtained predominately from monoinfected patients. HIV/H…