Search results for "HORMONES"
showing 10 items of 1169 documents
Estradiol deficiency and skeletal muscle apoptosis: Possible contribution of microRNAs.
2020
Background Menopause leads to estradiol (E2) deficiency that is associated with decreases in muscle mass and strength. Here we studied the effect of E2 deficiency on miR-signaling that targets apoptotic pathways. Methods C57BL6 mice were divided into control (normal estrous cycle, n = 8), OVX (E2 deficiency, n = 7) and OVX + E2 groups (E2-pellet, n = 4). Six weeks following the OVX surgery, mice were sacrificed and RNA isolated from gastrocnemius muscles. miR-profiles were studied with Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and candidate miRs verified using qPCR. The target proteins of the miRs were found using in silico analysis and measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (Western blot). Resu…
Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength.
2019
Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle strength from both inadequate preservation of skeletal muscle mass and decrements in the quality of the remaining skeletal muscle. Processes and components of skeletal muscle that are affected by estrogens are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle force generation when estrogen is low in females, and conversely the maintenance of strength by estrogen. Evidence is accumulating that estrogen deficiency induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle contributing to loss of…
Acute responses of comprehensive gonadosteroids and corticosteroids to resistance exercise before and after 10 weeks of supervised strength training
2020
Resistance training is a potent stimulus for muscle growth and steroid hormones are known to play a role in this adaptation. However, very little is known about the acute exercise‐induced gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormone responses, including key smaller‐concentration intermediate hormones. The present study determined the acute responses of these steroid hormone families using quantitative UHPLC mass spectrometry (MS) following resistance exercise in strength‐trained men. Venous and fingertip blood was drawn pre‐, mid‐, 5 min post‐ and 15 min post‐resistance exercise, both before and after 10 weeks of supervised resistance training. The experimental resistance exercise sessions cons…
An evolutionary perspective on stress responses, damage and repair
2022
Variation in stress responses has been investigated in relation to environmental factors, species ecology, life history and fitness. Moreover, mechanistic studies have unravelled molecular mechanisms of how acute and chronic stress responses cause physiological impacts (‘damage’), and how this damage can be repaired. However, it is not yet understood how the fitness effects of damage and repair influence stress response evolution. Here we study the evolution of hormone levels as a function of stressor occurrence, damage and the efficiency of repair. We hypothesise that the evolution of stress responses depends on the fitness consequences of damage and the ability to repair that damage. To o…
Acute neuromuscular and endocrine responses and recovery to single session combined endurance and strength loadings: ‘Order effect’ in untrained youn…
2013
The purpose of this study was to investigate acute neuromuscular and endocrine responses and recovery to a single session of combined endurance and strength loading using two loading orders. Forty-two men were demographically matched to perform a single session of combined endurance+strength (E+S) or strength+endurance (S+E) loading. The strength loading was conducted on a leg press and included sets of power, maximal strength and hypertrophic loads with an overall duration of 30 minutes. The endurance loading was conducted on a bike ergometer and performed by continuous cycling over 30min at 65% of subject’s individual maximal Watts. Both loading conditions led to significant acute reducti…
The effects of exercising in the cold on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle tissue oxygenation and immuno-endocrine responses
2014
Structural Mechanism of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Type 1 Partial Agonism
2012
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that contribute to the signal transmission in the central nervous system. NMDA receptors are heterotetramers that usually consist of two GluN1 and GluN2 monomers. The extracellular ligand-binding domain (LBD) of a monomer is comprised of discontinuous segments that form the functional domains D1 and D2. While the binding of a full agonist glycine to LBD of GluN1 is linked to cleft closure and subsequent ion-channel opening, partial agonists are known to activate the receptor only sub-maximally. Although the crystal structures of the LBD of related GluA2 receptor explain the mechanism for the partial a…
Oxytocin signaling as a target to block social defeat-induced increases in drug abuse reward
2021
There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual’s vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature rega…
Additional file 4 of Fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain remission in Crohn’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study
2020
Additional file 4. Characteristics of patients at selection (before starting corticosteroids.
Regulation of ghrelin receptor by microbial and inflammatory signals in human osteoblasts
2019
Abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory hormone ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor GHS-R may play a pivotal role in periodontal health and diseases. However, their exact regulation and effects in periodontitis are not known. The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of microbial and inflammatory insults on the GHS-R1a expression in human osteoblast-like cells. MG-63 cells were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence and absence of GHRL for up to 2 d. Subsequently, gene expressions of GHS-R1a, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase were analyzed by real-time PCR. GHS-R protein synthesis and NF-κB p65…