Search results for "Heat Transfer"
showing 10 items of 442 documents
Equi-intensity across the SpectrumTM taste scales
2015
Abstract This work aimed to study the equi-intensity across the Spectrum™ taste scales. The approach consisted of a comparison of four reference points illustrating the same level of intensity across the scales using two very different methods: 2-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) and Labeled Magnitude Scale (LMS). The comparisons across these scales were based on caffeine, citric acid, sodium chloride, sucrose, and monosodium glutamate in water solutions, at different concentrations, prepared according to the guidelines given for the Spectrum™ method. A scale concerning the umami taste, designed in the spirit of the Spectrum™ scales, was also studied in this work. Both procedures produced s…
Preliminary thermal-hydraulic analysis of the EU-DEMO Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed fusion reactor by using the RELAP5-3D system code
2021
Abstract In the frame of the activities promoted and encouraged by the EUROfusion Consortium aimed at developing the EU-DEMO fusion reactor, great emphasis has been placed at a very early stage of the design to incorporate the provisions needed to improve the overall plant safety and reliability performances as well as to analyse possible mitigation actions. In this framework, the research activity has been focused on the representative and safety relevant cooling loop of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) Breeding Blanket (BB) Primary Heat Transfer System (PHTS), purposely selected by the safety team, in order to assess its thermal-hydraulic behaviour during normal operational conditions …
Integrated design of breeding blanket and ancillary systems related to the use of helium or water as a coolant and impact on the overall plant design
2021
Currently, for the EU DEMO, two Breeding Blankets (BBs) have been selected as potential candidates for the integration in the reactor. They are the Water Cooled Lithium Lead and the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed BB concepts. The two BB variants together with the associated ancillary systems drive the design of the overall plant. Therefore, a holistic investigation of integration issues derived by the BB and the installation of its ancillary systems has been performed. The issues related to the water activation due to the 16N and 17N isotopes and the impact on the primary heat transfer systems have been investigated providing guidelines and dedicated solution for the integration of safety devices…
Measurements of temperature polarization phenomena in membrane distillation channels by a thermographic technique
2014
In the present work, a recently presented experimental technique, based on the use of thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) and digital image processing, has been employed in order to measure the temperature and local heat transfer coefficient distribution on the membrane surface in a MD spacer-filler channel
Thermoconvective instability and local thermal non-equilibrium in a porous layer with isoflux-isothermal boundary conditions
2014
The effects of lack of local thermal equilibrium between the solid phase and the fluid phase are taken into account for the convective stability analysis of a horizontal porous layer. The layer is bounded by a pair of plane parallel walls which are impermeable and such that the lower wall is subject to a uniform flux heating, while the upper wall is isothermal. The local thermal non-equilibrium is modelled through a two-temperature formulation of the energy exchange between the phases, resulting in a pair of local energy balance equations: one for each phase. Small-amplitude disturbances of the basic rest state are envisaged to test the stability. Then, the standard normal mode procedure is…
Measurement of the Convective Heat-Transfer Coefficient
2014
We propose an experiment for investigating how objects cool down toward the thermal equilibrium with its surrounding through convection. We describe the time dependence of the temperature difference of the cooling object and the environment with an exponential decay function. By measuring the thermal constant tau, we determine the convective heat-transfer coefficient, which is a characteristic constant of the convection system.
An Explicit Model for the Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of Hot Metal Forming Processes
1995
Abstract In the paper the authors propose a new finite element code for the coupled thermal-mechanical analysis of hot metal forming processes. As regards the mechanical problem, an explicit algorithm based on the solution of the dynamic equilibrium equation and an explicit time integration scheme is used, while the heat transfer analysis is based on the solution of the thermal equilibrium equations; in order to put the thermal problem in an explicit linear form a three level scheme has been employed for the discretization of the time variable. The model is based on a staggered procedure, in which the mechanical and the thermal analysis are carried out with respect to different time horizon…
Phonon properties and photo-thermal oxidation of micromechanically exfoliated antimonene nanosheets
2020
Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) sheets of antimonene have attracted increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties prompting potential for diverse applications. We present a facile method to prepare high-quality antimonene nanosheets (ANSs) by micromechanical exfoliation on SiO2/Si substrate. The temperature- and laser power-dependent Raman studies of exfoliated ANSs are reported and analyzed. It was found that both the out-of-plane A1g and the in-plane Eg modes red-shift linearly with increase in temperature, pointing towards anharmonic vibrations of the lattice. The thermal response of the ANSs on a SiO2/Si surface is also described using numerical simulation of t…
Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Flow and Heat Transfer in Heat Exchanger Elements Using Liquid Crystal Thermography
2004
Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow were conducted for classic heat exchanger elements (flat plate with fin-tubes in-line, staggered and with vortex generators) and corrugated-undulated ducts under transitional and weakly turbulent conditions. The dependence of average heat transfer and pressure drop on Reynolds number and geometrical parameters was investigated. Distributions of local heat transfer coefficient were obtained by using liquid crystal thermography and surface-averaged values were computed. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted by a finite-volume method using a low-Reynolds number k-e model under the assumption of fully deve…
Improved Liquid Crystal Thermography by Using True-Colour Image Processing Technology
2002
No abstract available