Search results for "Helium"

showing 10 items of 1689 documents

Three-Dimensional Superconducting Nanohelices Grown by He

2019

Novel schemes based on the design of complex three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale architectures are required for the development of the next generation of advanced electronic components. He+ focused-ion-beam (FIB) microscopy in combination with a precursor gas allows one to fabricate 3D nanostructures with an extreme resolution and a considerably higher aspect ratio than FIB-based methods, such as Ga+ FIB-induced deposition, or other additive manufacturing technologies. In this work, we report the fabrication of 3D tungsten carbide nanohelices with on-demand geometries via controlling key deposition parameters. Our results show the smallest and highest-densely packed nanohelix ever fabricated s…

nanosuperconductorsLetterphase slipsthree-dimensional nanoprintingHelium ion microscopeGinzburg−Landau equationfocused-ion-beam-induced depositionNano letters
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The beta-delayed proton and gamma decay of 27P for nuclear astrophysics

2013

The creation site of 26Al is still under debate. It is thought to be produced in hydrogen burning and in explosive helium burning in novae and supernovae, and possibly also in the H-burning in outer shells of red giant stars. Also, the reactions for its creation or destruction are not completely known. When 26Al is created in novae, the reaction chain is: 24Mg(p, γ) 25Al(β +ν) 25Mg(p, γ) 26Al, but this chain can be by-passed by another chain, 25Al(p, γ) 26Si(p, γ) 27P and it can also be destroyed directly. The reaction 26mAl(p, γ) 27Si∗ is another avenue to bypass the production of 26Al and it is dominated by resonant capture. We find and study these resonances by an indirect method, throug…

nuclear astro-physicsindirect methodsdaughter nucleusproduction ofresonant capturehelium-burningreaction chainslow-energy protons
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Measurement of the average shape of longitudinal profiles of cosmic-ray air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2019

The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first measurement of the average shower profile in traversed atmospheric depth at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The shapes of profiles are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization within the range studied, for E>10 17.8 eV .A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using ten years of data and a full detector simulation. The average shape is quantified using two variables related to the width and asymmetry of the profile, and …

p: showersphoton: Cherenkovinteraction: modelAstronomyHadronpiastro-ph.HE; astro-ph.HE01 natural sciencesnitrogenironParametrization (atmospheric modeling)Monte Carlomedia_commonPhysicsastro-ph.HEHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Range (particle radiation)photomultiplierSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleDetectorAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsDETETOREScosmic rays detectors; ultra high energy cosmic rays; Astronomy and AstrophysicsAugerobservatorycosmic rays detectorscosmic rays detectors; ultra high energy cosmic raysgeometricalAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaasymmetrylongitudinalCherenkov counter: waterairmedia_common.quotation_subjectAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesCosmic rayheliumultra high energy cosmic raysnucleus: atmosphereAsymmetry0103 physical sciencesHigh Energy Physicscosmic radiation: UHEcosmic rays detectorFLUORESCENCEAstrophysiquePierre Auger Observatoryelectron positronshowers: atmosphere010308 nuclear & particles physicsbackgrounddetector: surfaceshowers: spatial distributionparametrizationAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstronomieComputational physics13. Climate actiongamma rayExperimental High Energy Physics[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]Energy (signal processing)Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
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Effect of Hot Dip Galvanized Steel Surface Chemistry and Morphology on Titanium Hexafluoride Pretreatment

2017

Titanium hexafluoride pretreatments are known to improve paint adhesion and function as a barrier between the coating and the hot dip galvanized (HDG) steel surface. Interactions at the zinc/pretreatment interface are of utmost importance for the formation of pretreatment layers and the corrosion resistance of color coated hot dip galvanized steels. Removal rate of inert aluminum oxide from HDG steel samples by chemical dissolution was studied. XPS measurements showed that the surface Al2O3 layer thickness decreased rapidly already at mild alkaline cleaning, while complete removal of Al required severe etching. Low reactivity of an Al2O3-rich surface was confirmed by impaired formation of a…

pretreatment surface morphologyMaterials sciencechemistry.chemical_elementalumiinioksidi02 engineering and technologyElectron microprobe01 natural sciencesCorrosionaluminum oxidechemistry.chemical_compoundsymbols.namesakeHexafluorideX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy0103 physical sciencessurface morphology010302 applied physicsta114Precipitation (chemistry)Metallurgytechnology industry and agricultureGeneral Engineeringpretreatment021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyGalvanizationhot dip galvanized steelchemistryhelium ion microscopysymbolsGrain boundary0210 nano-technologyTitaniumAdvances in Materials Physics and Chemistry
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Vortex dynamics in rotating counterflow and plane Couette and Poiseuille turbulence in superfluid Helium

2008

An equation previously proposed to describe the evolution of vortex line density in rotating counterflow turbulent tangles in superfluid helium is generalized to incorporate nonvanishing barycentric velocity and velocity gradients. Our generalization is compared with an analogous approach proposed by Lipniacki, and with experimental results by Swanson et al. in rotating counterflow, and it is used to evaluate the vortex density in plane Couette and Poiseuille flows of superfluid helium.

quantum vorticePhysicsCondensed Matter::Quantum GasesTurbulencePlane (geometry)Condensed Matter::OtherFOS: Physical sciencesLaminar flowVorticityCondensed Matter PhysicsHagen–Poiseuille equationNonlinear Sciences::Cellular Automata and Lattice Gasessuperfluid turbulenceElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsVortexCondensed Matter - Other Condensed MatterPhysics::Fluid Dynamicscoflow and counterflowClassical mechanicsSettore MAT/07 - Fisica MatematicaCouette flowSuperfluid helium-4Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
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Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.

2005

Objective— Sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. An important source of vascular ROS is the NADPH oxidase. Methods and Results— C57BL6 mice were subjected to regular housing (physical inactivity) or voluntary training on running wheels (6 weeks). Inactivity increased vascular lipid peroxidation to 148±9% and upregulated superoxide release to 176±17% (L-012 chemiluminescence) and 188±29% (cytochrome C reduction assay), respectively. ROS production was predominantly increased in the endothelium and the medi…

rac1 GTP-Binding Proteinmedicine.medical_specialtyEndotheliumNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIArteriosclerosisNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIBiologymedicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceApolipoproteins EInternal medicinePhysical Conditioning AnimalmedicineAnimalsNADH NADPH OxidoreductasesRNA MessengerEndothelial dysfunctionLife Stylechemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesNADPH oxidaseSuperoxideNeuropeptidesNADPH Oxidase 1NADPH Oxidasesmedicine.diseasePhosphoproteinsMice Mutant Strainsrac GTP-Binding ProteinsMice Inbred C57BLVasodilationOxidative Stressmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologychemistryNOX1biology.proteinNADPH Oxidase 1Endothelium VascularNitric Oxide SynthaseCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
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Transport and extraction of radioactive ions stopped in superfluid helium

2003

A new approach to convert a high energy beam to a low energy one, which is essential for the next generation radioactive ion beam facilities, has been proposed and tested at Jyvaskyla, Finland. An open Ra-223 alpha-decay-recoil source has been used to produce radioactive ions in superfluid helium. The alpha spectra demonstrate that the recoiling Rn-219 ions have been extracted out of liquid helium. This first observation of the extraction of heavy positive ions across the superfluid helium surface was possible thanks to the high sensitivity of radioactivity detection. An efficiency of 36% was obtained for the ion extraction out of liquid helium. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights res…

radioactive ion beamNuclear and High Energy PhysicssnowballIon beamChemistryLiquid heliumExtraction (chemistry)superfluid heliumIGISOL TECHNIQUENUCLEAR-SPIN POLARIZATIONSpectral linelaw.inventionIonHelium-4lawPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsAtomic physicsNuclear ExperimentInstrumentationBeam (structure)Superfluid helium-4
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Lovastatin inhibits Rho-regulated expression of E-selectin by TNFalpha and attenuates tumor cell adhesion.

2003

E-selectin mediated cell-cell adhesion plays an important role in inflammatory processes and extravasation of tumor cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces E-selectin gene and protein expression in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in an endothelial cell line (EA.hy-926). As shown by ELISA and FACS analyses, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin) impair the TNF-alpha stimulated increase in E-selectin protein expression. Similar results were obtained for E-selectin mRNA expression and promoter activity, indicating that the effect of lovastatin is based on inhibition of gene expression. The effective inhibitory concentration of lovastatin was in a physiologic…

rho GTP-Binding ProteinsRHOATranscription GeneticRHOBAntineoplastic AgentsBiochemistryCell MovementCell Line TumorNeoplasmsGene expressionE-selectinGeneticsmedicineCell AdhesionHumansLovastatinCell adhesionMolecular BiologyCells CulturedbiologyTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCell biologybiology.proteinCancer researchTumor necrosis factor alphaLovastatinEndothelium VascularSignal transductionE-SelectinBiotechnologymedicine.drugSignal TransductionFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
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Antennal lobe representations are optimized when olfactory stimuli are periodically structured to simulate natural wing beat effects

2014

Animals use behaviors to actively sample the environment across a broad spectrum of sensory domains. These behaviors discretize the sensory experience into unique spatiotemporal moments, minimize sensory adaptation, and enhance perception. In olfaction, behaviors such as sniffing, antennal flicking, and wing beating all act to periodically expose olfactory epithelium. In mammals, it is thought that sniffing enhances neural representations; however, the effects of insect wing beating on representations remain unknown. To determine how well the antennal lobe produces odor-dependent representations when wing beating effects are simulated, we used extracellular methods to record neural units an…

sniffingPopulation Dynamicsactive sensingSensory systemodor representationLocal field potentialOlfactionBiologylcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neuroscience0302 clinical medicinetemporal codingSniffingmedicineOriginal Research Articlelcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyDiscrimination (Psychology)Stimulus discrimination0303 health sciencesSensory AdaptationCommunicationbusiness.industrysynchronynetwork dynamicsmedicine.anatomical_structureOdoroscillationsAntennal lobebusinessNeuroscienceOlfactory epithelium030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceolfactionFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral carcinoma: a ten years follow-up

2004

Los autores presentan un caso de leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa (LVP) en varón de 78 años de edad. Fue inicialmente presentado como un caso de leucoplasia en lengua pero un estudio microscópico en 1991 reveló la presencia de displasia epitelial leve. Tras 5 años de seguimiento, la lesión sufrió cambios de tamaño y localización y tuvo comportamiento recidivante. En 1996, un área eritematosa granular e indurada que apareció en lengua resultó ser un carcinoma de células escamosas microinvasivo cuando se estudió microscópicamente. Tras una revisión del comportamiento clinicopatológico de esta entidad, los autores concluyeron que se trataba de una leucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa, cuyo d…

squamous cell carcinomaMaleDysplasiamalignant transformationTime FactorsreviewOdontologíapapilomatosishistologycarcinoma de células escamosasclinical examinationEpithelial hyperplasiacase reportfollow upHumanshumandisplasiaPapillomatosisAgedLeucoplasia verrugosa proliferativa:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]Ciencias de la saludproliferative verrucous leukoplakiaCell Transformation Neoplasticepithelium hyperplasialeukoplakiamouth carcinomaUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASCarcinoma Squamous Cellhiperplasia epitelialMouth NeoplasmsLeukoplakia OralFollow-Up Studies
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