Search results for "Hepatitis B viru"

showing 10 items of 296 documents

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B: update of the recommendations from the 2007 Italian Workshop

2011

Abstract The Italian recommendations for the therapy of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related disease were issued in 2008. Subsequently in 2008 the nucleotide analogue (NA) Tenofovir was approved for antiviral treatment. The introduction of this important new drug has called for the current guidelines update, which includes some additional revisions: (a) the indication for therapy is extended to mild liver fibrosis and the indication for treatment is graded as “possible”, “optional” or “mandatory” according to the fibrosis stage; (b) two different treatment strategies are described: first line definite duration treatment with interferon, long-term treatment of indefinite duration with NA; (c) the…

Liver Cirrhosismedicine.medical_specialtyHepatitis B virusCirrhosisCarcinoma HepatocellularOrganophosphonateschronic hepatitis B The Italian recommendations for the therapy of hepatitis B Tenofovir Adefovir Cirrhosis Telbivudine Lamivudine Entecavirmedicine.disease_causeAntiviral Agentsadefovir; cirrhosis; entecavir; hbv; lamivudine; telbivudine; tenofovirHepatitis B ChronicInternal medicineTelbivudinemedicineAdefovirHBVHumansStage (cooking)TenofovirHepatitis B virusHepatologybusiness.industryAdenineLiver NeoplasmsGastroenterologyLamivudineEntecavirmedicine.diseaseVirologyItalyHepatocellular carcinomaReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsInterferonsbusinessmedicine.drug
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Occult hepatitis B virus infection

2000

Many studies have shown that hepatitis B virus infection may also occur in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients. This occult infection has been identified both in patients with cryptogenic liver disease and in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis, and much evidence suggests that it may be a risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma development. However several aspects of this occult infection remain unclear such as its prevalence and the factor(s) involved in the lack of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen. Moreover, it is uncertain whether the occult hepatitis B virus infection may contribute to chronic liver damage, considering that it is usually associated…

MaleACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITISPOSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITISHBV SURFACE-ANTIGENComorbidityHBV genome HBsAg-negative liver DNA liver diseasemedicine.disease_causeSeverity of Illness IndexSEROLOGICAL MARKERS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; HBV SURFACE-ANTIGEN; ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; occult hepatitis B virus infectionLiver diseaseCHRONIC LIVER-DISEASEHEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMAChronic/diagnosis* Hepatitis BDifferential Disease Progression Female Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis* Hepatitis Bhbsag-negative; hbv genome; liver disease; liver dnaIncidenceHepatocellular/diagnosis CarcinomaLiver NeoplasmsGastroenterologyHepatitis CHepatitis BPOLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONPrognosisChronic/epidemiology* Humans Incidence Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology* Male Prognosis Risk Assessment Severity of Illness IndexCarcinoma Hepatocellular/diagnosis Carcinoma Hepatocellular/epidemiology* Comorbidity DNA Viral/analysis Diagnosis Differential Disease Progression Female Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis* Hepatitis B Chronic/diagnosis* Hepatitis B Chronic/epidemiology* Humans Incidence Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology* Male Prognosis Risk Assessment Severity of Illness IndexHepatocellular carcinomaDisease Progressionhbv genomeFemaleliver diseaseCarcinoma HepatocellularTRANSPLANT RECIPIENTSRisk AssessmentDiagnosis Differentialoccult hepatitis B virus infectionHepatitis B ChronicViral/analysis DiagnosismedicineHumansRisk factorHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybusiness.industryCarcinomaHEPATITIS C VIRUShbsag-negativeliver dnamedicine.diseaseOccultVirologyHepatocellular/epidemiology* Comorbidity DNASEROLOGICAL MARKERSViral replicationImmunologyDNA Viralbusiness
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Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in woodchucks undergoing chronic active hepatitis

1997

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection as well as consumption of food contaminated with the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 are considered to be 2 major risk factors for the development of primary liver cancer in humans. Furthermore, epidemiological surveys indicate that hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1 might act synergistically to induce primary liver cancer. In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide, the ultimate mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin metabolite, is enhanced in an experimental model of chronic hepatitis using woodchucks, chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus. Woodchuck liver microsom…

MaleCancer ResearchAflatoxinAflatoxin B1virusesBiologymedicine.disease_causeViruschemistry.chemical_compoundHepatitis B ChronicmedicineAnimalsHepatitis B Virus Woodchuckheterocyclic compoundsMycotoxinCarcinogenHepatitisHepatitis B virusWoodchuck hepatitis virustechnology industry and agriculturefood and beveragesCancermedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologyOncologychemistryHepatitis Viral AnimalMarmotaMicrosomes LiverFemaleMutagensInternational Journal of Cancer
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Acute and chronic hepatitis in childhood leukemia: a multicentric study from the Italian Pediatric Cooperative Group for Therapy of Acute Leukemia (A…

1985

The incidence of acute and chronic liver damage and its relation to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was evaluated in 164 consecutive children with acute leukemia seen in ten Italian hemato-pediatric units. Thirteen out of 164 children (7.9%) had acute hepatitis (AH) during treatment, while 8/90 (8.8%) showed an acute exacerbation of liver damage within 6 months after therapy withdrawal. Seven of the 13 children with AH while on therapy were HBsAg positive. In 12/13 cases, liver disease progressed to chronicity. Five of eight children who developed AH after completion of treatment were HBsAg positive. Eighty-nine patients (54.2%) developed biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis during t…

MaleCancer Researchmedicine.medical_specialtyHBsAgChildhood leukemiaExacerbationAdolescentmedicine.disease_causeGastroenterologyacute hepatitisHepatitisLiver diseasechronic hepatitiLiver Function TestsInternal medicineAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsmedicineHumansChildHepatitis B virusAcute leukemiaHepatitis B Surface AntigensLeukemiabusiness.industryLiver cellacute hepatitichildhood leukemiavirus diseasesInfantmedicine.diseaseacute hepatitis; chronic hepatitis; childhood leukemiaHepatitis BLeukemia LymphoidLeukemiaAcute and chronic hepatitis; childhood leukemia; multicentric study from AIEOPOncologyItalyChild PreschoolPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthImmunologyAcute DiseaseFemalechronic hepatitisChemical and Drug Induced Liver InjurybusinessMedical and pediatric oncology
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Characteristics of liver cirrhosis in Italy: Evidence for a decreasing role of HCV aetiology

2017

Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection had been the main agent associated with liver cirrhosis in Italy. Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection had been the main agent associated with liver cirrhosis in Italy. AIM: To assess epidemiological, laboratory and clinical features of liver cirrhosis in Italy in 2014. PATIENTS: Out of the 2557 consecutive subjects evaluated in 16 hospitals located throughout Italy in 2014, 832 (32.6%) had liver cirrhosis and were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 60.3years, with a male/female ratio of 1.7; 74.9% of cases had Child…

MaleCirrhosisSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaAlcohol abuseAlcohol abuse; HBV; HCV; Liver cirrhosis; Liver cirrhosis epidemiology; Internal Medicinemedicine.disease_causeGastroenterology0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsEpidemiologyHBV030212 general & internal medicineLiver Neoplasmsvirus diseasesMiddle AgedHepatitis BHepatitis CAlcoholismItalyLiver NeoplasmHepatocellular carcinomaHCV030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyAlcohol abuse; HBV; HCV; Liver cirrhosis; Liver cirrhosis epidemiology; Aged; Alcoholism; Carcinoma Hepatocellular; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Italy; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Internal MedicineFemaleHumanmedicine.medical_specialtyCarcinoma HepatocellularHepatitis C virusLiver CirrhosiAlcohol abuseLiver cirrhosis epidemiology03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicineInternal MedicineHumansDecompensationAgedHepatitis B virusCross-Sectional Studiebusiness.industryRisk FactorCarcinomaHepatocellularmedicine.diseaseCross-Sectional StudiesLiver cirrhosisEtiologybusiness
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Characteristics of patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver diseases just before the era of oral direct-acting antiviral therapy in Italy

2018

Background In 2017, oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection became available free of charge for all HCV-RNA-positive patients, irrespective of their fibrosis stage. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of HCV-related chronic liver disease (CLD) in Italy just before the introduction of DAA therapy. Patients and methods Patients with CLD were enrolled in two national surveys conducted in 2001 and in 2014. The two surveys prospectively enrolled patients aged older than 18 years referring to Italian liver units throughout the country using a similar clinical approach and analytical methods. Results Out of the 12 564 patie…

MaleCirrhosisTime FactorsAdministration OralHepacivirusmedicine.disease_causeChronic liver diseaseSeverity of Illness Index0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsOdds RatioPrevalenceMedicine030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesMultivariate AnalysiGastroenterologyHealth SurveyMiddle AgedViral LoadItalyRNA Viral030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyFemaleHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyLogistic ModelTime FactorGenotypeHepatitis C virusAntiviral AgentsVirus03 medical and health sciencesAge DistributionInternal medicinechronic hepatitis CHumansSex DistributionProtective FactorAgedAntiviral AgentCross-Sectional StudieHepatitis B virusHepaciviruChi-Square DistributionHepatologybusiness.industryRisk Factorchronic liver diseaseBiomarkerOdds ratioHepatitis C AntibodiesHepatitis C ChronicProtective Factorsmedicine.diseaseHealth SurveysConfidence intervaldirect-acting antiviral therapyProspective Studiehepatitis infectionCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsMultivariate AnalysisEtiologyHepatitis C AntibodiebusinessBiomarkers
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Hepatitis B virus maintains its pro-oncogenic properties in the case of occult HBV infection.

2003

Background & Aims: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by persistence of HBV DNA into the tissue of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals. The clinical relevance of this peculiar infection is still under debate. In particular, the impact of occult HBV infection in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. We investigated the prevalence and molecular status of occult HBV in patients with HCC. Methods: We tested tumor tissues from 107 patients with HCC and the corresponding nontumor liver tissue from 72 of these patients for HBV DNA. We also examined liver specimens from 192 patients with chronic hepatitis. All cases were hepatitis B surface antige…

MaleHBV; HCC; occultHepatitis B virusCarcinoma HepatocellularOCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION; HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA; HBV DNA; TUNOR AND NONTUMOR LIVER TISSUES; HBV TRANSCRIPTS; HBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA; INTEGRATED AND EPISOMAL HBV DNATranscription GeneticOCCULT HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTIONHBV TRANSCRIPTSGenome ViralBiologyVirus Replicationmedicine.disease_causeChronic liver diseaseHepatitis B ChronicmedicineCarcinomaHBVHumansHEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMATUNOR AND NONTUMOR LIVER TISSUESHCCAgedHepatitis B virusHepatologyINTEGRATED AND EPISOMAL HBV DNALiver NeoplasmsGastroenterologyvirus diseasescccDNAMiddle AgedHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseOccultVirologydigestive system diseaseshepatitis B surface antigenLiverViral replicationHBV DNAoccultHepatocellular carcinomaDNA ViralImmunologyFemaleHBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNAInfection OBI
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A retrospective study of the role of delta agent infection in children with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis.

1985

The prevalence of intrahepatic delta antigen and/or anti-delta antibody was retrospectively investigated in 102 children with chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis who were seen consecutively in three medical institutions between 1974 and 1982. Delta infection markers were found in 13 patients (12.7%) who exhibited high serum titers of anti-delta antibody; intrahepatic delta antigen was detected in ten. Eleven of the 13 children had severe progressive liver disease associated in all but one with absence of hepatitis B virus replication as evaluated by analysis of serum hepatitis B virus DNA. The factors which seem to increase the risk of delta infection in children who are hepatitis B virus carr…

MaleHBsAgCirrhosisAdolescentmedicine.disease_causeChronic liver diseaseHepatitisHepatitis B AntigensmedicineHumansChildRetrospective StudiesHepatitis B virusHepatitisHepatitis delta AntigensHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybiologyChronic Activebusiness.industryInfantHepatitis delta Antigensmedicine.diseaseChild PreschoolImmunologyChronic Diseasebiology.proteinFemaleAntibodybusinessHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
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Add-on peginterferon alfa-2a to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for Caucasian patients with hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B genot…

2019

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) and peginterferon have complementary effects in chronic hepatitis B, but it is unclear whether combination therapy improves responses in genotype D-infected patients. We conducted an open-label study of peginterferon alfa-2a 180 μg/week added to ongoing NA therapy in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative, genotype D-infected patients with HBV DNA <20 IU/mL. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with ≥50% decline in serum HBsAg by the end of the 48-week add-on phase. Seventy patients received treatment, 11 were withdrawn at week 24 for no decrease in HBsAg, and 14 withdrew for other reasons. Response rate (per-protocol population) was 67.4% (29/43) at…

MaleHBsAgGastroenterologyPolyethylene Glycolschronic hepatitis B; HBeAg-negative; nucleos(t)ide analogues; peginterferon; treatment; Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology0302 clinical medicineInterferonGenotypeHBVHepatitis B e Antigenspeginterferonchronic hepatitis b; hbeag-negative; nucleos(t)ide analogues; peginterferon; treatment; adult; antiviral agents; drug administration schedule; drug therapy combination; female; genotype; hepatitis b e antigens; hepatitis b virus; hepatitis b chronic; humans; interferon-alpha; male; middle aged; nucleosides; polyethylene glycols; recombinant proteins; treatment outcomeeducation.field_of_studytreatmentnucleos(t)ide analoguesvirus diseasesNucleosidesMiddle AgedRecombinant ProteinsTreatment OutcomeInfectious Diseasesnucleos(t)ide analogueHBeAg030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDrug Therapy CombinationFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyPeginterferon alfa-2amedicine.drugAdultHepatitis B virusmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeCombination therapyPopulationHBeAg-negativeInfectious DiseaseHBeAg-negative; chronic hepatitis B; nucleos(t)ide analogues; peginterferon; treatmentchronic hepatitis B; HBeAg-negative; nucleos(t)ide analogues; peginterferon; treatmentAntiviral AgentsDrug Administration Schedule03 medical and health sciencesHepatitis B ChronicInternal medicineVirologymedicineHumanschronic hepatitis BeducationHepatologybusiness.industryInterferon-alphaConfidence intervalbusiness
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The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients.

1996

Haemodialysis patients often fail to respond to hepatitis B vaccination. In this pilot study, 15 patients previously non-responsive to at least three 40 micrograms doses of hepatitis B vaccine were given 0.5, 5 or 10 micrograms kg-1 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) subcutaneously 24 h prior to booster vaccination with a hepatitis B vaccine. Seven of the 15 patients developed antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) (35-7240 IU L-1) upon initial vaccination with GM-CSF and two of four individuals responded with low HBsAb titres of 15 and 60 IU L-1 when revaccinated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and twice the dose of GM-CSF. The application of GM-CSF…

MaleHBsAgHepatitis B vaccinemedicine.medical_treatmentmedicine.disease_causeAdjuvants ImmunologicRenal DialysisVirologyMedicineHumansHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B AntibodiesAdverse effectAgedHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybiologybusiness.industryGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorImmunosuppressionHepatitis BMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseHepatitis BVaccinationInfectious DiseasesImmunologybiology.proteinFemaleAntibodyHypotensionbusinessJournal of viral hepatitis
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