Search results for "Histology"
showing 10 items of 985 documents
Ontogenesis of the Extra-Bulbar Olfactory Pathway inXenopus laevis
2013
Although the development, anatomy, and physiology of the vertebrate olfactory system are fairly well understood, there is still no clear definition of the terminal nerve complex acknowledged by all. Among the most debated matters is whether or not the extrabulbar projections found in anamniotes should or should not be considered part of the terminal nerve complex. In this context, we investigated the early development of the extrabulbar pathway in Xenopus larvae from placodal differentiation to postmetamorphic stages. We showed that the extrabulbar fibers become visible around Stage 42 and are conserved throughout metamorphosis. We confirmed previous reports concerning their central project…
Forebrain specialization and the olfactory system in anseriform birds. An architectonic and tracing study.
1992
In anseriform birds the mediodorsal part of the rostral forebrain is covered by a corticoid (= layered) structure, establishing a unique feature of this avian group since in other birds the non-cortical accessory or dorsal hyperstriatum occupies the corresponding surface area of the hemisphere. The efferents of the olfactory bulb are shown to reach this region, which thus can be identified as a heavily enlarged retrobulbar area. The large expansion of this olfactory representation may indicate an important biological function. In comparison to the mammalian olfactory system the three stratified olfactory projection centers of birds should be regarded as retrobulbar, prepiriform and periamyg…
Exotic Models May Offer Unique Opportunities to Decipher Specific Scientific Question: The Case ofXenopusOlfactory System
2013
The fact that olfactory systems are highly conserved in all animal species from insects to mammals allow the generalization of findings from one species to another. Most of our knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system comes from data obtained in a very limited number of biological models such as rodents, Zebrafish, Drosophila, and a worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. These models have proved useful to answer most questions in the field of olfaction, and thus concentrating on these few models appear to be a pragmatic strategy. However, the diversity of the organization and physiology of the olfactory system amongst phyla appear to be greater than generally assumed and th…
NADPH-diaphorase activity of nitric oxide synthase in the olfactory bulb: co-factor specificity and characterization regarding the interrelation to N…
1994
The neuronal form of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) synthesizes the messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO). In addition to NO formation, nNOS exhibits a so-called NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity. This study focused on the characterization of NADPH-d activity with regard to NO formation in the rat olfactory bulb. In this area of the brain pronounced staining is localized in discrete populations of neuronal somata and in olfactory glomeruli. Diaphorase staining combined with demonstration of nNOS by polyclonal antibodies revealed that NADPH-d activity of neuron somata is associated with nNOS immunoreactivity. It is concluded that neuron somata exhibit NADPH-d activity of nNOS. NAD…
Hypothalamus-olfactory system crosstalk: orexin a immunostaining in mice
2012
It is well known that olfaction influences food intake, and conversely, that an individual’s nutritional status modulates olfactory sensitivity. However, what is still poorly understood is the neuronal correlate of this relationship, as well as the connections between the olfactory bulb and the hypothalamus. The goal of this report is to analyze the relationship between the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, focusing on orexin A immunostaining, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is thought to play a role in states of sleep/wakefulness. Interestingly, orexin A has also been described as a food intake stimulator. Such an effect may be due in part to the stimulation of the olfactory bulbar pathway…
Distribution of human papillomavirus types in women from Valencia, Spain, with abnormal cytology.
2010
Objective To determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types among cervical smears using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to contribute to the knowledge of human papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of oncogenic types in cervical lesions in Spain. Study Design Consensus PCR and direct sequencing of PCR products (DNA HPV typing) were used in a retrospective study to determinate the type or types of HPV on 974 cytology smears of women with abnormal cytology results. Results Of 974 smears, 79.8% were high-risk (H-R) HPVs, 19.7% low-risk (L-R) HPVs, 4.6% indeterminate-risk (I-R) HPVs, considering both single and multiple infections. Multiple infections were detected in 4.7% of the …
Study of axillary lymph node asymmetry in a female population
2001
We analysed a large series of axillary lymph nodes, with and without metastases following radical mastectomy for breast cancer. We found left/right asymmetry in numbers of lymph nodes, and also asymmetry of lymph node dimensions, which could have been the caused by tumoral antigenic stimulation. The distribution of hyperplastic node patterns differed significantly.
Old and new immunophenotypic markers in multiple myeloma for discrimination of responding and relapsing patients: The importance of “normal” residual…
2015
Background Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease characterized by proliferation of clonal malignant plasma cells (CPCs), which can be immunophenotypically distinguished from polyclonal plasma cells (PPCs) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC). The utility of PPCs analysis in detecting prognostic and predictive information is still a matter of debate. Methods: we tested the ability of 11 MFC markers in detecting differences in the immunophenotype of CPCs and PPCs among patients in various disease stages; we verified if these markers could be associated with disease stage/response to therapy despite the role of clinical parameters. Results: significant changes in the expression of markers…
116 Evaluation of bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in cervical cancer: data from phase 1 and phase 2 studies
2021
Introduction/Background* The accelerated US Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab validated the efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy for patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer; however, the objective response rate (ORR) with pembrolizumab was 14.3% in patients with PD-L1–expressing tumours. Human papillomavirus infection is implicated in >95% of cervical cancers and is linked to upregulation of TGF-β signalling. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β ‘trap’) fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody blocking PD-L1. We report pooled safety and efficacy in pati…
Prognostic Potential Of The Pretherapeutic Tumor Oxygenation Status
2009
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of locally advanced solid tumors, has emerged as a key factor of the tumor pathophysiome, since it can promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Independent of established prognostic parameters, such as clinical tumor stage, histology, histological grade and nodal status, hypoxia has been identified as an adverse prognostic factor for patient outcome. Studies of pretreatment tumor hypoxia involving direct assessment (polarographic oxygen tension measurements) have suggested a poor prognosis for patients with hypoxic tumors. These investigations indicate a worse disease-free survival for patients with hypoxic cancers of the uterine cervix or soft …