Search results for "Honeydew"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
Neonicotinoids in excretion product of phloem-feeding insects kill beneficial insects
2019
Significance The use of insecticides in agriculture is one of the suggested causes of the decline in insect populations. Neonicotinoids are among the most widely used insecticides. However, they have important negative side effects, especially for pollinators and other beneficial insects feeding on floral nectar and pollen. We identified an exposure route: Neonicotinoids reach and kill beneficial insects when they feed on the most abundant carbohydrate source for insects in agroecosystems, honeydew. Honeydew is the excretion product of phloem-feeding hemipteran insects such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, or psyllids. This route of exposure is likely to affect a much wider range of benefi…
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Iflaviridae
2017
Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes of approximately 9–11 kilobases. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with the majority infecting insects. Both beneficial and pest insects serve as hosts, and infections can be symptomless (Nilaparvatalugens honeydew virus 1) or cause developmental abnormalities (deformed wing virus), behavioural changes (sacbrood virus) and premature mortality (infectious flacherie virus). The host range has not been examined for most members. The most common route of infection for iflaviruses is the ingestion of virus-contaminated food sources. This is a summary of the Internation…
HPTLC Phenolic Profiles as Useful Tools for the Authentication of Honey
2018
The present study reveals the utility of high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprinting of phenolic constituents for the authentication of monofloral honeys. The obtained data enables a more complete assessment of honey quality and the identification of emerging threats to honey quality. The developed procedure facilitates differentiation of varietal honeys and detection of honey adulterations. We used an HPTLC fingerprint analysis to determine the characteristic patterns of different honey types (willow, buckwheat, heather, pine honeydew, and manuka honey). The HPTLC chromatograms were used to determine the differences in the botanical origin of the honey samples on the…
Feeding habits, post-embryonic and adult survival, mating, virility and fecundity of the predacious miteAmblyseius swirskii [Acarina: Phytoseiidae] o…
1977
The nutritional value forAmblyseius swirskiiAthias-Henriot, of eggs or crawlers ofCoccus hesperidum L.,Saissetia oleae (Olivier),S. coffeae (Walker),Pseudococcus citriculusGreen, andP. longispinusTarg.-Tozz, even with the addition of honeydew, was low; only a few young reached adulthood and the oviposition rate was negligible. However, addition of honeydew toTetranychus cinnabarinusBoisd. enhanced the oviposition rate ofAmblyseius swirskii. Honeydew was a favourite food forA. swirskii, whereas the eggs and crawlers tested were not eagerly attacked and consumed. Females and males fed honeydew ofSaissetia oleae mated readily and the females were inseminated, but fecundity was negligible.
Monofloral honeys by Sicilian black honeybee (Apis mellifera ssp. sicula) have high reducing power and antioxidant capacity
2016
Thirty samples from thirteen Sicilian monofloral honeys by the local black honeybee, and two honeydew honeys, were studied to assess phenol content, reducing power and antioxidant capacity as well as correlations among these parameters. Honeys from Apiaceae showed the highest phenol amount and capacity to reduce ferric ion and stable chemical radicals, whereas honeys from Leguminosae the lowest. All honeys were active against myoglobin-derived radicals usually formed in red meat after storage and/or heating and significant correlation (p = 0.023) was found between flavonoid content and deactivation rate of this radical. Dill > almond?> tangerine > thistle?> sulla honeys inhibite…
Neonicotinoids from coated seeds toxic for honeydew-feeding biological control agents
2021
Seed coating (‘seed treatment’) is the leading delivery method of neonicotinoid insecticides in major crops such as soybean, wheat, cotton and maize. However, this prophylactic use of neonicotinoids is widely discussed from the standpoint of environmental costs. Growing soybean plants from neonicotinoid-coated seeds in field, we demonstrate that soybean aphids (Aphis glycines) survived the treatment, and excreted honeydew containing neonicotinoids. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that honeydew excreted by the soybean aphid contained substantial concentrations of neonicotinoids even one month after sowing of the crop. Consuming this honeydew reduced the longevity of two biological control …
IPM-recommended insecticides harm beneficial insects through contaminated honeydew
2020
The use of some systemic insecticides has been banned in Europe because they are toxic to beneficial insects when these feed on nectar. A recent study shows that systemic insecticides can also kill beneficial insects when they feed on honeydew. Honeydew is the sugar-rich excretion of hemipterans and is the most abundant carbohydrate source for beneficial insects such as pollinators and biological control agents in agroecosystems. Here, we investigated whether the toxicity of contaminated honeydew depends on i) the hemipteran species that excretes the honeydew; ii) the active ingredient, and iii) the beneficial insect that feeds on it. HPLC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that the systemic insec…
Lasius niger ants discriminate aphids based on their cuticular hydrocarbons
2011
Mutualistic interactions between organisms depend on the ability of each partner to recognize the other. In ant–aphid mutualisms, ants have to recognize whether an aphid colony is worth tending. Many aphid species can live in mutualistic associations with ants (trophobiosis), whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. Since aphids often produce low amounts of honeydew when not tended by ants, the ants should be able to recognize potential trophobionts based on signals other than honeydew. Conversely, aphids should signal if they are potential trophobionts. We investigated whether ants recognize potential trophobiont aphids based on their behaviour, morphological…