Search results for "Hormona"

Context dependent variation in corticosterone and phenotypic divergence of Rana arvalis populations along an acidification gradient

2022

Background Physiological processes, as immediate responses to the environment, are important mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and can influence evolution at ecological time scales. In stressful environments, physiological stress responses of individuals are initiated and integrated via the release of hormones, such as corticosterone (CORT). In vertebrates, CORT influences energy metabolism and resource allocation to multiple fitness traits (e.g. growth and morphology) and can be an important mediator of rapid adaptation to environmental stress, such as acidification. The moor frog, Rana arvalis, shows adaptive divergence in larval life-histories and predator defense traits along an acidi…

Acute neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and endocrine responses and chronic adaptations to combined strength and endurance training in recreationally …

2013

Prevalence of relative energy deficiency in sport among well-trained male Norwegian cyclists and long-distance runners

2016

Masteroppgave i idrettsvitenskap - Universitetet i Agder 2016 Introduction Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) links low and reduced energy availability (EA) with negative health and performance consequences, though not well investigated in male endurance athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of RED-S and associated health consequences in well-trained male endurance athletes. Methods Forty-one subjects, cyclists (n=21) and runners (n=20) [age: 40 (31-45) years; BMI: 23.5 (21.4-24.0) kg/m2; body-fat: 14.0% (10.0-16.5%); training volume: 12 (9-16) h/week presented as median + interquartile range] were recruited. Protocol included assessment of bone health, …

The interplay between metabolome, epigenome and metabolic syndrome in severe obesity: the influence of sex and age

2022

Antecedentes: la obesidad en adultos se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que representa un importante factor de riesgo para la salud, contribuyendo a aumentar la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Aunque las condiciones de salud subyacentes y la genética podrían ser en algunos casos las principales causas de la obesidad, en la mayoría de los casos es el resultado de estilos de vida poco saludables a largo plazo. En su forma más severa clínicamente (obesidad de Clase III), el tejido adiposo se convierte en el órgano endocrino metabólico más grande que interactúa fuertemente con el sistema endocrino y contribuye al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico (MetS). El MetS es consider…

Menopause modulates the circulating metabolome: evidence from a prospective cohort study

2022

Abstract Aims We studied the changes in the circulating metabolome and their relation to the menopausal hormonal shift in 17β-oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels among women transitioning from perimenopause to early postmenopause. Methods and results We analysed longitudinal data from 218 Finnish women, 35 of whom started menopausal hormone therapy during the study. The menopausal transition was monitored with menstrual diaries and serum hormone measurements. The median follow-up was 14 months (interquartile range: 8–20). Serum metabolites were quantified with targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. The model results were adjusted for age, follow-up duration, educat…

Estradiol deficiency and skeletal muscle apoptosis: Possible contribution of microRNAs.

2020

Background Menopause leads to estradiol (E2) deficiency that is associated with decreases in muscle mass and strength. Here we studied the effect of E2 deficiency on miR-signaling that targets apoptotic pathways. Methods C57BL6 mice were divided into control (normal estrous cycle, n = 8), OVX (E2 deficiency, n = 7) and OVX + E2 groups (E2-pellet, n = 4). Six weeks following the OVX surgery, mice were sacrificed and RNA isolated from gastrocnemius muscles. miR-profiles were studied with Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and candidate miRs verified using qPCR. The target proteins of the miRs were found using in silico analysis and measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (Western blot). Resu…

Extracellular vesicles and high‐density lipoproteins: Exercise and oestrogen‐responsive small RNA carriers

2023

Decreased systemic oestrogen levels (i.e., menopause) affect metabolic health. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Both oestrogens and exercise have been shown to improve metabolic health, which may be partly mediated by circulating microRNA (c-miR) signalling. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EV) have increased interest in the field of tissue crosstalk. However, in many studies on EV-carried miRs, the co-isolation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles with EVs has not been considered, potentially affecting the results. Here, we demonstrate that EV and HDL particles have distinct small RNA (sRNA) content, including both host and nonhost sRN…

Acute responses of comprehensive gonadosteroids and corticosteroids to resistance exercise before and after 10 weeks of supervised strength training

2020

Resistance training is a potent stimulus for muscle growth and steroid hormones are known to play a role in this adaptation. However, very little is known about the acute exercise‐induced gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormone responses, including key smaller‐concentration intermediate hormones. The present study determined the acute responses of these steroid hormone families using quantitative UHPLC mass spectrometry (MS) following resistance exercise in strength‐trained men. Venous and fingertip blood was drawn pre‐, mid‐, 5 min post‐ and 15 min post‐resistance exercise, both before and after 10 weeks of supervised resistance training. The experimental resistance exercise sessions cons…

An evolutionary perspective on stress responses, damage and repair

2022

Variation in stress responses has been investigated in relation to environmental factors, species ecology, life history and fitness. Moreover, mechanistic studies have unravelled molecular mechanisms of how acute and chronic stress responses cause physiological impacts (‘damage’), and how this damage can be repaired. However, it is not yet understood how the fitness effects of damage and repair influence stress response evolution. Here we study the evolution of hormone levels as a function of stressor occurrence, damage and the efficiency of repair. We hypothesise that the evolution of stress responses depends on the fitness consequences of damage and the ability to repair that damage. To o…

Influence of Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Phase on Physiological Variables Monitored During Treadmill Testing

2021

Purpose: To examine the influence of menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle phases on physiological variables monitored during incremental treadmill testing in physically active women (eumenorrheic, EUM = 16 and monophasic HC-users, CHC = 12). Methods: Four running tests to exhaustion were performed at bleeding, mid follicular (mid FOL)/active 1, ovulation/active 2, and mid luteal (mid LUT)/inactive. HC and MC phases were confirmed from serum hormones. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Bla), and VO˙ 2 were monitored, while aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic (AnaT) thresholds were determined. VO˙ 2peak, maximal running speed (RUNpeak), and total running time (RUNtotal) were recor…