Search results for "Host"

Baseline prediction of combination therapy outcome in hepatitis C virus 1b infected patients by discriminant analysis using viral and host factors.

2010

Background Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has limited efficacy −especially among genotype 1 infected patients−, is costly, and involves severe side effects. Thus, predicting non-response is of major interest for both patient wellbeing and health care expense. At present, treatment cannot be individualized on the basis of any baseline predictor of response. We aimed to identify pre-treatment clinical and virological parameters associated with treatment failure, as well as to assess whether therapy outcome could be predicted at baseline. Methodology Forty-three HCV subtype 1b (HCV-1b) chronically infected patients treated with pegylated-interferon alpha plus ri…

Viral Sequence Analysis of Occult HBV Infection and Its Reactivation in Immunosuppressed Patients

2012

Mechanisms associated with reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with occult HBV infection (OBI) remain unclear. In some cases immunosuppression is an enhancer of viral replication. However, not all patients with OBI who undergo immunosuppression experience reactivation. This study explores the role of viral heterogeneity as a determinant of occult HBV reactivation. HBV genotype, mutation patterns and quasispecies were assessed by sequencing the PreS/S region of 16 patients with OBI undergoing chemotherapy, 3 of whom experienced a OBI reactivation. The latter were also assessed at the time of reactivation. Phylogenetic analysis identified low nucleotide and amino acid diversit…

Umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults with advanced hodgkin's disease: high incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

2016

We report the outcome of 30 consecutive patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) who underwent single-unit UCBT. Most (90%) patients had failed previous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimens were based on combinations of thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide or fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. The cumulative incidence (CI) of myeloid engraftment was 90% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 74-98%] with a median of 18 d (range, 10-48). CI of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) grades II-IV was 30% (95% C.I., 17-44%), while the incidence of chronic GVHD was 42% (95% C.I., 23-77%). The non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 d and 4 yr was 30% (95% C.I., 13-4…

CANDIDA ALBICANS INDUCES SELECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MACROPHAGES AND MONOCYTE DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS BY A TLR2 DEPENDENT SIGNALLING

2011

As TLRs are expressed by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), these receptors may play a role in haematopoiesis in response to pathogens during infection. We have previously demonstrated that in in vitro defined conditions inactivated yeasts and hyphae of Candida albicans induce HSPCs proliferation and differentiation towards the myeloid lineage by a TLR2/MyD88 dependent pathway. In this work, we showed that C. albicans invasive infection with a low virulence strain results in a rapid expansion of HSPCs (identified as LKS cells: Lin(-) c-Kit(+) Sca-1(+) IL-7R alpha(-)), that reach the maximum at day 3 post-infection. This in vivo expansion of LKS cells in TLR2(-/-) mice was del…

Senza titolo

2016

Th17 responses in Echinostoma caproni infections in hosts of high and low compatibility.

2011

In order to investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths, we have analyzed the in vivo expression of IL-17, TGF-β and IL-23 in several tissues of two host species displaying different compatibility with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). We did not observe upregulation of these cytokines in any of the tissues of the high compatible host (mice). In contrast, the responses in the host of low compatibility (rats) with the parasite were markedly different. Significant increases in the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β were observed in the Peyer's patches and the intestine from the 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. The expression of IL-23 was upregulated from 2 to 4 weeks post-…

Mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in mouse ileum

2005

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the signal transduction mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP-27) on the spontaneous contractile activity of longitudinal muscle of mouse ileum. Mechanical activity of ileal segments was recorded isometrically in vitro. PACAP-27 produced apamin-sensitive reduction of the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. 9-(Tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ 22,536), adenylate cyclase inhibitor, or genistein and tyrphostin 25, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, had negligible effects on PACAP-27-induced inhibition. PACAP-27 effects were significantly inhibited by U-73122, phopho…

Influence of landscape composition and diversity on contaminant flux in terrestrial food webs: a case study of trace metal transfer to European black…

2012

13 pages; International audience; Although understanding the influence of the spatial arrangement of habitats and interacting communities on the processes of pollutant flux and impacts is critical for exposure and risk assessment, to date few studies have been devoted to this emergent topic. We tested the hypothesis that landscape composition and diversity affect the transfer of trace metals to vertebrates. Bioaccumulation of Cd and Pb in blood and feathers of European blackbirds Turdus merula (n=138) was studied over a smelter-impacted area (Northern France). Landscape composition (type and occurrence of the different habitats) and diversity (number of different habitat types and the propo…

Detection of increased tyrosine phosphorylation in murine Langerhans cells after stimulation with contact sensitizers.

1999

The signalling pathways in epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) during activation by contact sensitizers are poorly understood. Recently, we have described an increased phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in human MHC class II-positive cells in vitro following stimulation with contact sensitizers. In the study reported here the formation of phosphotyrosine (p-tyr) in murine epidermal LC upon stimulation with contact sensitizers was examined. By the use of a flow cytometric technique a significant increase in p-tyr was demonstrated in LC stimulated in vitro with the strong contact sensitizers TNCB (2,4,6-trinitro-chlorobenzene) and MCI/MI (5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolinone plus 2-methylisothiazol…

In vitro embryo survival and early viability of larvae in relation to male sexual ornaments and parasite resistance in roach, Rutilus rutilus L.

2004

According to the ‘good genes’ hypothesis, sexual ornaments provide an indication of the ‘quality’ of the bearer. In roach, Rutilus rutilus, breeding tubercles (BTs) may signal resistance against the digenean parasite, Rhipidocotyle campanula. Life history theory predicts that there should be a trade-off between parasite resistance and other life history traits. In roach, this could imply a trade-off between parasite resistance in mature fish and some larval feature. We studied embryo survival and the early viability of larvae of male roach in relation to expression of BTs and parasite resistance in maternal half-sibling families. Highly ornamented males had higher resistance against R. camp…