Search results for "Host"
showing 10 items of 1982 documents
Origin of a sudden mass occurrence of the stolbur phytoplasma vectorHyalesthes obsoletus(Cixiidae) in Austria
2014
The grapevine disease ‘bois noir’ is widespread in European viticulture, but in many regions there is a lack of correspondence between disease spread and abundance of the main insect vector, the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. This was the situation in Austria until 2012, when a mass occurrence of the vector was observed on Urtica dioica, a new host plant for the vector and reservoir plant for the pathogen, stolbur phytoplasma, in this area. Here we analyse the origin of the Austrian vector populations using genetic markers. The origin was unambiguously assigned to two regional populations, and two causes for the population expansion: immigration of East Central European populations and l…
Parasitic infracommunities of the Aegean wall lizard Podarcis erhardii (Lacertidae, Sauria): isolation and impoverishment in small island populations
2009
AbstractThe Aegean wall lizard Podarcis erhardii, is widely distributed across the islands of the Aegean Sea (Greece). While there exists a relatively substantial body of knowledge on the ecology and life history of the species, the parasite communities of the taxon remain almost completely unknown. Quantifying the composition of these communities in P. erhardii is not only important for autoecological reasons, but also because inter-island comparisons of this lizard's parasite communities can shed light on the factors that structure parasite diversity in general. Here we investigate the gastrointestinal parasite communities of P. erhardii populations occurring on 16 landbridge islands of t…
Accumulation of plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus in the second intermediate host Coregonus lavaretus and their effect on growth of the host
1999
Patterns of accumulation of Triaenophorus crassus in its second intermediate host whitefish Coregonus lavaretus s.l. were studied between 1991 and 1996 from two host populations in two separate areas of Lake Saimaa, Finland. Whitefish were infected commonly with several T. crassus plerocercoids and the parasites were aggregated into the oldest hosts. In one host population the annual parasite accumulation was 0·9 parasites in all host age groups between 3 and 8 years. In the other host population the annual accumulation was 1·6 parasites in 3–5-year-old fish, but increased up to 3 to 4 parasites per year in fish over 5 years old. The increase did not coincide with the period of maturation o…
The wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758) as an important reservoir host for Alaria alata in the Baltic region and potential risk of infection in hu…
2020
Abstract Alaria alata trematode is widely distributed throughout Europe and has a complex life cycle in which wild boar serve as a reservoir host. The primary aims of the present study are to establish the occurrence of A. alata mesocercariae in naturally infected wild boar in Latvia and to assess the risk for humans to acquire A. alata infection via consumption of wild boar meat. By summarizing long-term data using the Trichinella inspection method from 2014 to 2019, the overall A. alata prevalence was 8.3%, of which significantly higher A. alata prevalence was observed during the summer seasons. Additionally, 43.9% (n = 485) of wild boar were found to be infected with A. alata using Alari…
Very highly prevalent Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection of wild boar Sus scrofa in Khuzestan province, south-western Iran
2006
Abstract An epidemiological and pathological study of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection in a total of 50 wild boars Sus scrofa attila from cane sugar fields of Iranian Khuzestan was performed. The total prevalence of 64.0 % detected is the highest hitherto known by this acanthocephalan species in wild boars and may reflect a very high contamination of the farm lands studied as the consequence of the crowding of the wild boar population in cane sugar fields. Observations prove that this species is a wild boar gut wall perforating acanthocephalan. High burdens may become so pathogenic for the host individual as to be responsible for its elimination from the population. Thus, this aca…
Eel immune response to Vibrio vulnificus infection. Host-pathogen relationship
2013
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla), has experienced a dangerous decline in recruitment, yield and stock over the last 30 years and this decline is likely to continue into the future. Several major threats are responsible for this situation, including overfishing of glass eels for consumption, new infections by introduced pathogens, dams and blocking of migration routes. The lack of knowledge concerning the biology of this species represents a handicap to the conservation and recovery of the population. Nevertheless,the eel farming industry is increasing, therefore it could be considered one of the major risks for wild eel stock perpetuation, which is threatened principally by the lack of …
Biocontrol of the Major Plant Pathogen
2019
Three new lytic bacteriophages were found to effectively control the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, a quarantine bacterium in many countries, and causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most important vascular plant diseases. Bacterial wilt management has been carried out with fluctuating effects, suggesting the need to find alternative treatments. In this work, three lytic phages were isolated from environmental water from geographically distant regions in Spain. They proved to specifically infect a collection of R. solanacearum strains, and some of the closely related pathogenic species Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, without affecting non-target environmental bacteria, and were abl…
No uniform associations between parasite prevalence and environmental nutrients
2014
The resource quality of the host has been shown to affect parasite transmission success, prevalence, and virulence. Seasonal availability of environmental nutrients alters density and stoichiometric quality (carbon–nutrient ratios) of both producers and consumers, suggesting that nutrient availability may drive fluctuations in parasite prevalence patterns observed in nature. We examined the interactions between the population dynamics of a keystone herbivore, Daphnia, and its parasites, and their associations with water nutrient concentrations, resource quantity and quality, and other environmental variables (temperature, pH, oxygen concentration) in a small lake, using general linear model…
Overview of ghost correction for HDR video stream generation
2015
International audience; Most digital cameras use low dynamic range image sensors, these LDR sensors can capture only a limited luminance dynamic range of the scene[1], to about two orders of magnitude (about 256 to 1024 levels). However, the dynamic range of real-world scenes varies over several orders of magnitude (10.000 levels). To overcome this limitation, several methods exist for creating high dynamic range (HDR) image (expensive method uses dedicated HDR image sensor and low-cost solutions using a conventional LDR image sensor). Large number of low-cost solutions applies a temporal exposure bracketing. The HDR image may be constructed with a HDR standard method (an additional step ca…
Parasite-induced aggression and impaired contest ability in a fish host
2010
Abstract Background Success of trophically transmitted parasites depends to a great extent on their ability to manipulate their intermediate hosts in a way that makes them easier prey for target hosts. Parasite-induced behavioural changes are the most spectacular and diverse examples of manipulation. Most of the studies have been focused on individual behaviour of hosts including fish. We suggest that agonistic interactions and territoriality in fish hosts may affect their vulnerability to predators and thus the transmission efficiency of trophically transmitted parasites. The parasite Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) and juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were used to study whe…