Search results for "Hox"
showing 10 items of 1357 documents
Sulfhydryl G Proteins and Phospholipase A2-Associated G Proteins Are Involved in Adrenergic Signal Transduction in the Rat Pineal Gland
2001
The rat pineal gland with its circadian noradrenaline-regulated melatonin rhythm is an excellent model for studying adrenergic signal transduction with respect to cAMP and cGMP formation. The stimulatory G(s) proteins play a well-established role in this process. In contrast, the potential roles of the inhibitory G(i) proteins, the functionally unclear other G(o) proteins, and a number of G protein subtypes are not known. The present study examines the effects on beta(1)- and beta(1)-plus-alpha(1)-stimulated cAMP and cGMP formation of a number of G protein modulators in rat pinealocyte suspension cultures. The effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside on cGMP were also examined…
Infection ecology of Philometra ovata (Nematoda: Philometridae) in a wild European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) population in Finland
2015
SUMMARYSeasonal life cycle of body cavity dwelling (BCD) Philometra ovata (Nematoda: Philometridae) has been reported in southern and central European countries, but its swim bladder dwelling (SBD) stage and northern populations have remained unstudied. In this study, we investigated the seasonal life cycle and infection ecology of P. ovata in both swim bladder and body cavity in the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) in Finland. The larval P. ovata infected the swim bladder of minnows mainly in August. Female SBD P. ovata emigrated to body cavity mostly in September, grew to their full size by the end of the next June, and evacuated from minnows in July. In addition, female SBD P. ovata r…
Development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for serum melatonin.
1989
A radioimmunoassay using N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3- [125I]iodophenylpropionyl)]-5-methoxytryptamine as tracer for determination of melatonin in the serum of different species is described. Melatonin antisera were raised in rabbits by immunization with a bovine serum albumin conjugate of N-[3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-methoxy indole] hemisuccinamide. A single high affinity, specific antiserum was obtained. In contrast to previous studies, the tracer was synthesised in one step in the absence of water, giving an excellent yield of highly pure product. No chromatographic purification step was needed. Polyethylene glycol in combination with goat antirabbit immunoglobulins was used to separate bound…
Effects of 5-HT4 receptor stimulation on basal and electrically evoked release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig myenteric plexus
1992
The effects of 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on both basal and electrically evoked outflow of tritium were studied in guinea-pig myenteric plexus preparations preincubated with [3H]-choline. Basal outflow. 5-Methoxytryptamine caused a transient and calcium-dependent increase in basal outflow of [3H]acetylcholine that was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Ondansetron (1 μmol/1) did not affect the stimulatory response of 5-methoxytryptamine but ICS 205-930 (1 and 3 μmol/1) produced parallel rightward displacements of the concentration-response curve to 5-methoxytryptamine. The PKB value for ICS 205-930 was 6.6 suggesting an involvement of 5-HT4 receptors. 5-HT caused an increase…
Histamine and serotonin released from the rat perfused heart by compound 48/80 or by allergen challenge influence noradrenaline or acetylcholine exoc…
1994
Terminal nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system closely approach mast cells in peripheral organs, and mutual influences between release of neurotransmitters or mast cell mediators may cause neuro-immunological interactions. We have studied the influence of mast cell degranulation on the release of endogenous noradrenaline and newly incorporated acetylcholine (such as 14C-choline/acetylcholine overflow) evoked by stimulation of extrinsic postganglionic sympathetic or preganglionic vagal nerves in the rat Langendorff heart perfused with Tyrode solution. Compound 48/80 perfused in normal hearts, or ovalbumin infused into hearts from rats sensitized to ovalbumin, enhanced the overflow of …
Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine release from isolated rabbit and rat trachea: the role of neuroendocrine epithelial cells and mast cells
1995
Rabbit or rat isolated tracheae were incubated in vitro, and the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Release of 5-HT from rabbit tracheae could be evoked by the calcium ionophore A 23187 and, in a calcium-dependent manner, by depolarizing concentrations of potassium (45 mmol/l), but not by the mast cell degranulating drug compound 48/80. High potassium- and A 23187-evoked release of 5-HT was markedly higher from tracheae of newborn compared to adult rabbits. In rabbit tracheae, mechanical removal of the mucosa resulted in 80-90% reduction in tissue 5-HT and in a similar reduction …
Efficacy and tolerability of EH301 for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human pilot study
2019
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive loss of spinal and cortical motor neurons, leading to muscular atrophy, respiratory failure, and ultimately death. There is no known cure, and the clinical benefit of the two drugs approved to treat ALS remains unclear. Novel disease-modifying therapeutics that are able to modulate the disease course are desperately needed. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Elysium Health's candidate drug EH301 in people with ALS (PALS). Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Thirty-two PALS we…
Reversal of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling and Up-Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Lowers Blood Pressure in H…
2006
Objectives We sought to examine the hypothesis that a pharmacologic up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) combined with a reversal of eNOS uncoupling provides a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. Background Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with oxidant stress involving protein kinase C (PKC) and uncoupling of eNOS. Methods Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was analyzed with RNase protection assay or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, vascular nitric oxide (NO) with spin trapping, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with dihydroethidium fluorescence. Results Aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed an elevate…
Nicotine receptors do not modulate the 3H-noradrenaline release from the isolated rat heart evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation.
1982
Isolated rat hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were perfused at a constant flow rate of 7 ml/min with Tyrode's solution. (-)-3H-Noradrenaline (final concentration 10–13.9 nM) was infused for 10 min to label the noradrenaline stores. After wash-out the sympathetic nerves were stimulated electrically (3 Hz, 180 impulses, 1 ms, 20–30 mA) three times (S1–S3) at intervals of 15 min. 3H-Noradrenaline and its metabolites were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to Graefe et al. (1973). Both, nicotine 50 μM and p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium (PAPETA) 30 μM, enhanced the 3H-noradrenaline overflow in the absence of nerve stimulation. The effect of PAPETA was bipha…
Autoinhibition of noradrenaline release from the rat heart as a function of the biophase concentration. Effects of exogenous alpha-adrenoceptor agoni…
1984
1. Rat isolated perfused hearts with the right sympathetic nerves intact were loaded with 3H-(-)-noradrenaline. The nerves were stimulated with trains of 180 pulses at 3 Hz and at 10 min intervals. The overflow of 3H-noradrenaline and 3H-metabolites was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. 2. Clonidine (IC50 17 nM), oxymetazoline (IC50 63 nM), and α-methylnoradrenaline (apparent IC50 35 nM, determined in the presence of cocaine and propranolol) decreased the stimulation-evoked overflow of 3H-noradrenaline by 26, 49, and 78%, respectively, but not methoxamine up to 100 μM (propranolol present). Oxymetazoline and α-methyl-noradrenaline did not cause desensitization of the presynap…