Search results for "Hunger"

Rice cooking and sensory quality

2019

International audience; This chapter provides a state-of-the-art review of the diversity and dynamics of consumer demand with respect to the eating quality of rice worldwide. Quality includes both tangible measurable factors (rice characteristics) and the context of consumption. The main sensory attributes evaluated around the world are described, and their relationship with the diversity of consumer demand is discussed. Instrumental methods for predicting quality measured on either raw or cooked grains are reviewed. The changes that occur in the rice grain during cooking are described along with a modeling approach able to predict the changes and their spatial distribution in the rice grai…

Plant phenology and genetic variability in root and nodule development strongly influence genetic structuring of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar vicia…

2008

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; The symbiotic relationships between legumes and their nitrogen (N-2)-fixing bacterial partners (rhizobia) vary in effectiveness to promote plant growth according to both bacterial and legume genotype. To assess the selective effect of host plant on its microsymbionts, the influence of the pea (Pisum sativum) genotype on the relative nodulation success of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (Rlv) genotypes from the soil populations during plant development h…

Outside-host phage therapy as a biological control against environmental infectious diseases

2018

Background Environmentally growing pathogens present an increasing threat for human health, wildlife and food production. Treating the hosts with antibiotics or parasitic bacteriophages fail to eliminate diseases that grow also in the outside-host environment. However, bacteriophages could be utilized to suppress the pathogen population sizes in the outside-host environment in order to prevent disease outbreaks. Here, we introduce a novel epidemiological model to assess how the phage infections of the bacterial pathogens affect epidemiological dynamics of the environmentally growing pathogens. We assess whether the phage therapy in the outside-host environment could be utilized as a biologi…

L’universo atlantico di Sacred Hunger

2007

Sahelin nälkäkriisin uutisointi : diskurssianalyyttinen tutkimus Helsingin Sanomien ja Ylen uutisoinnista Sahelin ruokakriisistä vuonna 2012

2012

In early 2012 the Sahel area in sub-Saharan Africa was facing shortage in food and millions of people were in risk of hunger. In my Bachelor´s thesis I´m investigating the coverage of the Sahel crisis of 2012 in two Finnish main media; the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and the online news of Finnish broadcasting company Yle (http://yle.fi/uutiset/). My data was collected between January and September in 2012 and it consisted fifteen different articles. My research method was critical discourse analysis through which I hoped to bring out the hidden structures of the texts and also to see what kind of so-called sahelian reality the writer was describing. My main research questions were: How is …

Sulfur cycling and methanogenesis primarily drive microbial colonization of the highly sulfidic Urania deep hypersaline basin

2009

Urania basin in the deep Mediterranean Sea houses a lake that is >100 m deep, devoid of oxygen, 6 times more saline than seawater, and has very high levels of methane and particularly sulfide (up to 16 mM), making it among the most sulfidic water bodies on Earth. Along the depth profile there are 2 chemoclines, a steep one with the overlying oxic seawater, and another between anoxic brines of different density, where gradients of salinity, electron donors and acceptors occur. To identify and differentiate the microbes and processes contributing to the turnover of organic matter and sulfide along the water column, these chemoclines were sampled at a high resolution. Bacterial cell numbers…

Relationships between oral characteristics, bolus formation and aroma compound releases during the consumption of fat spread in humans

2011

Source : 13th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium - Zaragoza, Spain - September 27th – 30th, 201; International audience; The release and perception of flavour compounds is an important factor for the acceptance of a food product. It is a complex echanism that depends not only on the food’s chemical composition and structure, but also on in-mouth mechanisms involved in its breakdown. To date, most of the studies have been focused on hard or semi-hard product such as cheese for instance (1, 2). Among the works published on dairy product, fat spreads were not considered while they represent an important market. However these products are particularly interesting by their structure and composit…

Inter-individual retronasal aroma release variability during cheese consumption: Role of food oral processing

2014

The aim of our study was to explain inter-individual differences on in vivo aroma release during cheese consumption by oral physiological parameters. To reach this objective, 34 subjects were recruited. Their salivary flow, oral volume and velum opening were determined. Six cheddar-based melted cheeses with different fat levels and firmness were flavoured with nonan-2-one.(NO) and ethyl propanoate (EP). During their consumption (free protocol), in vivo retro nasal aroma release was followed by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical lonisation-Mass Spectrometry (APCI-MS). Chewing activity was evaluated by electromyography recordings. Bolus saliva content, mouth-coating, and bolus rheology were also d…

Assessment of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes level in ready-to-cook poultry meat: Effect of various high pressure treatments and potassium lac…

2014

International audience; The objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic model in order to determine the contamination level of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-cook poultry meat, after a high pressure (HP) treatment. The model included four steps: i) Reception of raw meat materials, mincing and mixing meat, ii) Partitioning and packaging into 200-g modified atmosphere packs, iii) High pressure treatment of the meat, and iv) Storage in chilled conditions until the end of the shelf-life. The model excluded the cooking step and consumption at consumer's home as cooking practices and heating times are highly variable. The initial contamination level of Salmonella and…

Long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts

2005

ABSTRACT For economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. One approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. However, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. Experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli . Four organic waste mixtures, containing various proportions of paper and cardboard, fruits and vegetabl…