Search results for "Hydrazines"

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Inhibition Promotes Glucose Utilization and Protein Deposition through Energy Homeostasis Remodeling in Fish.

2020

BACKGROUND: Fish cannot use carbohydrate efficiently and instead utilize protein for energy supply, thus limiting dietary protein storage. Protein deposition is dependent on protein turnover balance, which correlates tightly with cellular energy homeostasis. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. However, the effect of remodeled energy homeostasis caused by inhibited mitochondrial FAO on protein deposition in fish has not been intensively studied. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the regulatory role of mitochondrial FAO in energy homeostasis maintenance and protein deposition by studying lipid, glucose, and protein metabolism in fish. M…

Inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation impairs stress resistance ability in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2017

Energy metabolism plays important roles in stress resistance and immunity in mammals, however, such functions have not been established in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with mildronate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation, for six weeks subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen exposure. Mildronate treatment reduced significantly l-carnitine concentration and mitochondrial FA β-oxidation efficiency, while it increased lipid accumulation in liver. The fish with inhibited hepatic FA catabolism had lower survival rate when exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila and ammonia nitrogen. Moreover, fish fed mildro…

Synthesis and biofilm formation reduction of pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives in some Staphylococcus aureus strains

2016

The ability of several N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives and other pyrazoles opportunely modified at the positions 3, 4 and 5, to reduce the formation of the biofilm in some Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 29213, ATCC 25923 and ATCC 6538) were investigated. All the tested compounds were able, although to a different extent, to reduce the biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains considered. Among these, the 1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide 14 resulted as the best inhibitor of biofilm formation showing an IC50 ranging from 2.3 to 32 μM, against all the three strains of S. aureus. Compound 14 also shows a good protective effect in vivo…

Hypothesis: Etiologic and Molecular Mechanistic Leads for Sporadic Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Experience With Western Pacific ALS/PDC

2019

Seventy years of research on Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) have provided invaluable data on the etiology, molecular pathogenesis and latency of this disappearing, largely environmental neurodegenerative disease. ALS/PDC is linked to genotoxic chemicals (notably methylazoxymethanol, MAM) derived from seed of the cycad plant (Cycas spp.) that were used as a traditional food and/or medicine in all three disease-affected Western Pacific populations. MAM, nitrosamines and hydrazines generate methyl free radicals that damage DNA (in the form of O6-methylguanine lesions) that can induce mutations in cycling cells and degenerative changes …

Geometry of conjugated double bonds of CLA isomers in a commercial mixture and in their hepatic 20∶4 metabolites

1999

Rats were fed a fat-free diet for 2 wk. After this period, while maintaining the animals on the same diet, the rats were given intragastrically 180 mg per day of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) as triacylglycerols. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of this mixture, as well as hydrazine reduction and GC-MS and GC-Fourier transform infrared analyses of the resulting monoenes, revealed the presence of two major isomers, the 9c,11t- and the 10t,12c-18:2 accompanied by smaller amounts of the 8t, 10c and the 11c, 13t-18:2 isomers. Minor quantities of cis,cis and trans,trans conjugated isomers also were detected. The total fatty acid methyl esters from the liver li…

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists in adult Evans syndrome: an international multicenter experience.

2022

Risk of thromboembolism with thrombopoietin receptor agonists in adult patients with thrombocytopenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomi…

2012

Background and objective: Thrombopoietin receptor (TPOr) agonists (romiplostim and eltrombopag) are a new approach for the treatment of thrombocytopenia-associated conditions. They promote megakaryocyte differentiation, proliferation and platelet production. In the European Union, both are orphan drugs with an indication restricted to splenectomized immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients who are refractory to other treatments. Due to increasing platelet counts, these drugs may represent a risk for thromboembolic complications. We analyzed whether TPOr agonists affect thromboembolisms occurrence in adult thrombocytopenic patients. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review and…

Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of novel silybin analogues

2006

In this work, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of the eight novel silybin analogues for their capacity to scavenge free radicals including superoxide anion radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in vitro. Compound 7d demonstrated an excellent antioxidant effect in scavenging superoxide anion free radical with an IC50 value of 26.5 microM, while the IC50 of quercetin (the reference compound) was 38.1 microM. Compounds 7b, 7e, 7h showed certain scavenging activities for both types of free radicals.

Folate-targeted supramolecular vesicular aggregates as a new frontier for effective anticancer treatment in in vivo model.

2012

Abstract Supramolecular vesicular aggregates (SVAs), made up by self-assembling liposomes and polyasparthydrazide co-polymers conjugated to folic acid molecules were extensively investigated in this manuscript as potential active targeting formulation for anticancer drug delivery. Folate-targeted systems (FT-SVAs) were used to treat breast cancer and to further proof the potential in vivo administration of these systems for the therapeutic treatment for several aggressive solid tumors. The physicochemical and technological parameters of FT-SVAs are suitable for their potential in vivo administration. The chemotherapeutic activity of GEM-loaded FT-SVAs was increased during in vivo experiment…

Assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity and free radical scavenger activity of tiliroside

2003

Three flavonoids, gnaphaliin, pinocembrin and tiliroside, isolated from Helichrysum italicum, were studied in vitro for their antioxidant and/or scavenger properties and in vivo in different models of inflammation. In vitro tests included lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes, superoxide radical generation in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and the reduction of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Acute inflammation was induced by application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to the mouse ear or by subcutaneous injection of phospholipase A(2) or serotonin in the mouse paw. Eczema provoked on the mouse ear by repeated administration of TPA was selec…