Search results for "Hypersensitivity"
showing 10 items of 364 documents
Audiological Investigation of Otitis Media in Children with Atopy
2011
Otitis media (OM) describes an inflammatory process within the middle ear space that is generally associated with accumulation of fluid and that may lead to hearing loss, learning difficulties, and delays in language development. The pathogenesis of OM is multifactorial, involving the adaptive and native immune system, eustachian tube dysfunction, viral and bacterial load, and genetic and environmental factors. The involvement of IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the pathogenesis of OM has been suggested by clinical observations of a high prevalence of OM among patients with allergies. Evidence from studies involving tympanometric measurements, audiometric measurements, and otoscopic exami…
Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: A review of current evidence
2014
Asthma is a common chronic multifactorial disease that affects >300 million people worldwide. Outdoor and indoor pollution exposure has been associated with respiratory health effects in adults and children. Smoking still represents a huge public health problem and millions of children suffer the detrimental effects of passive smoke exposure. This study was designed to review the current evidences on exposure to passive smoke as a risk factor for asthma onset in childhood. A review of the most recent studies on this topic was undertaken to provide evidence about the magnitude of the effect of passive smoking on the risk of incidence of asthma in children. The effects of passive smoking are …
The Burden of Rhinitis and Rhinoconjunctivitis in Adolescents
2014
Purpose Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are common diseases worldwide that are frequently associated. Nevertheless, the risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis are not well-described and the impact of conjunctivitis on rhinitis and asthma in children remains unknown. This study explored the different risk factors and evaluated the burden of rhinoconjunctivitis among adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a random sample of schoolchildren, aged 10-17 years, using skin prick tests and a self-administered questionnaire on respiratory health investigating the impact of rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis on daily activities. Results A complete evaluation was obtained for 2,150…
Divergent effects of biolistic gene transfer in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation.
2007
Particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) of allergen genes efficiently prevents systemic sensitization and suppresses specific immunoglobulin E synthesis. We investigated in a mouse model of allergic airway disease the effect of PMED on the elicitation of local inflammatory reactions in the lung. BALB/c mice were biolistically transfected with plasmids encoding beta-galactosidase (betaGal) as model allergen under control of the DC-targeting fascin promoter and the ubiquitously active cytomegalovirus promoter, respectively. Mice were challenged intranasally with betaGal-protein with or without intermediate sensitization with betaGal adsorbed to aluminiumhydroxide. Subsequently, local cyto…
Pharmacological approach to the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of Ranunculus sceleratus L.
2003
Ranunculus sceleratus is a widespread species with unique toxicological and pharmacological activities. The present study seeks to assess this species' ability, both in vitro and in vivo, to modulate processes involved in inflammations. To this end, different extracts from the aerial parts of the plant were tested in several models of acute inflammation induced by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), arachidonic acid (AA), and carrageenan, as well as in two models of delayed hypersensitivity induced by oxazolone and dinitrofluorobencene (DNFB). The extracts were also assayed in models of eicosanoid and elastase release by intact cells. When tested in vivo, all of the extracts showed anti-inf…
Il management dell’ipersensibilità dentinale: dalla ricerca alla clinica
2014
Obiettivi. Scopo di questo lavoro è presentare le più recenti acquisizioni in tema di epidemiologia, diagnosi, eziopatogenesi e management clinico dell’ipersensibilità dentinale. Vengono inoltre descritti i prodotti disponibili per il suo trattamento e gli studi sperimentali e clinici condotti per valutarne l’efficacia. Materiali e metodi. Attraverso la banca dati Medline/Pubmed sono stati selezionati i lavori originali, le revisioni della letteratura e le linee guida pubblicate in lingua inglese e in italiano sull’argomento dal 2009 al 2013. Altre fonti sono state selezionate dai riferimenti bibliografici individuati. Risultati e conclusioni. Il management dell’ipersensibilità prevede il c…
Analisi delle evidenze epidemiologiche sui fattori di rischio indoor per malattie respiratorie e allergiche nelle strutture scolastiche [Analysis of …
2012
Il diritto a respirare aria sana nelle scuole è stato sancito già nell’anno 2001 in un documento dell’European Federation of Asthma and Allergy Associations che ha evidenziato scarsa attenzione e assenza di direttive specifiche dell’Unione Europea relativamente agli effetti sulla salute da inquinamento dell’aria nelle scuole, ed è sostenuto dal numero enorme di bambini e ragazzi che frequentano le aule scolastiche. Negli ultimi anni, a livello europeo si è sviluppato un sempre crescente interesse nei confronti dell’effetto della qualità dell’aria dell’indoor scolastico (IAQ) sulla salute dei ragazzi, e sono stati avviati numerosi progetti di ricerca internazionali mirati, appunto, a determi…
Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators' production and anti-inflammatory effect of the iridoid scrovalentinoside.
2007
We have studied scrovalentinoside, an iridoid with anti-inflammatory properties isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, as an anti-inflammatory agent in different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. We found that scrovalentinoside reduced the edema induced by oxazolone at 0.5 mg/ear and sheep red blood cells at 10 mg/kg. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, no significant activity was noted. Thus, scrovalentinoside reduced both the edema and cell infiltration in vivo and reduced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, affecting the cy…
Anti-inflammatory glycoterpenoids from Scrophularia auriculata.
2000
The activity of the four glycoterpenoids: two saponins, verbascosaponin A and verbascosaponin, and two iridoids, scropolioside A and scrovalentinoside, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, were studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. Both saponins significantly inhibited the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan and ear edema induced by single and multiple doses of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Verbascosaponin A showed a potency twice as high as that of indomethacin in the acute TPA model. Verbascosaponin A and scropolioside A were active after a long latency period against ethyl phenylpropiolate edema, as are glucocorticoids. Wh…
Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity in vivo of lipophilic Isatis tinctoria extracts and tryptanthrin.
2006
The effects of a supercritical CO2 (SFE) extract, a dichloromethane (DCM) extract from Isatis tinctoria leaf and the alkaloidal constituent tryptanthrin were studied in acute and subchronic experimental models of inflammation. The SFE and DCM extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced acute mouse paw oedema (ED50 values of 78 mg/kg and 165 mg/kg P. O., respectively) and in the acute tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear oedema in oral (62% and 32% oedema reduction at 100 and 125 mg/kg, respectively) and topical application (37% and 33% reduction of oedema at 0.5 mg/ear). In contrast, tryptanthrin showed no significant anti-inflammatory effect. The D…