Search results for "Hypnotic"
showing 10 items of 54 documents
Distinguishing the efficacy and sedative effects of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity diso…
2019
The present study investigated whether symptom reduction in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with guanfacine extended release (GXR) can be explained by sedative effects of the medication. Data from four double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of GXR monotherapy (1-7 mg/day; morning administration) in children (aged 6-12 years) and adolescents (aged 13-17 years) with ADHD were analyzed post hoc. Two studies used forced-dose titration and two used flexible-dose titration. Efficacy was determined using ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores. Sedative treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included somnolence, sedati…
Modification of depressant and disinhibitory action of flurazepam during short term treatment in the rat
1972
Employing a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement (temporal discrimination), alternated punished (fixed-ratio) and unpunished (variable-ratio) schedules of reinforcement, a Conditioned Avoidance Response, and studying its interaction with Pentobarbital on general anaesthesia, it has been shown that flurazepam hydrochloride after a single treatment induces very intense depressant effects and slight disinhibitory effects. Short term treatment at longer than daily intervals reduces the depressant effect and unmasks the disinhibitory effect. The phenomenon is probably caused by selective tolerance concerning the depressant action. The results are discussed from the point of view of the signi…
Sleep Alterations in Non-demented Older Individuals: The Role of Cortisol
2017
Background: Sleep alterations can impair quality of life and contribute to disease progression but they, and their features and contributing factors, are rarely analysed in institutionalised older individuals. In this study, we investigated sleep alterations, the factors involved, and the role of cortisol in sleep-related problems in institutionalised individuals. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in participants living in nursing homes in Valencia (Spain); sleep alterations were determined based on two validated tools: the Athens insomnia scale and Oviedo sleep questionnaire. Plasma cortisol was measured in the morning and determined by high performance liquid chrom…
Propofol Impairs Neurogenesis and Neurologic Recovery and Increases Mortality Rate in Adult Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury*
2013
Objective: Limited data are available on the influence of sedation for critical care therapy with the widely used anesthetic propofol on recovery from acute traumatic brain injury. To establish the influence of propofol on endogenous neurogenesis and functional recovery after traumatic brain injury, rats were sedated with propofol either during or 2 hours after experimental traumatic brain injury. Design: Randomized controlled animal study. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: One hundred sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats. Interventions: Mechanical brain lesion by controlled cortical impact. Measurements and Main Results: This study investigated the dose-dependent influence of …
Structure of rat behavior in hole-board: II) multivariate analysis of modifications induced by diazepam.
2009
In our previous study we suggested that multivariate analysis could improve hole-board test reliability providing a more useful tool to determine behavioral effects of anxiolytic drugs. To support this hypothesis, a multivariate analysis of rat behavior in hole-board, following administration of the reference anxiolytic drug diazepam, was carried out. Four groups, each composed of thirty male Wistar rats, were used: one saline and three diazepam injected (0.25, 0.5 and 2 mg/kg IP). Rat behavior was recorded for 10 min through a digital videocamera. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out. In all groups, more than 80% of whole behavioral structure encompassed walking, climbing…
Water Infusion for Cecal Intubation Increases Patient Tolerance, but Does Not Improve Intubation of Unsedated Colonoscopies
2011
Background & Aims Several studies have indicated that water infusion, instead of air insufflation, enhances cecal intubation in selected patients undergoing unsedated colonoscopy. We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether the water technique increases the proportion of patients that are able to complete unsedated colonoscopy. Methods We analyzed data from 116 consecutive outpatients who were willing to start colonoscopy without sedation; 58 were each randomly assigned to groups given water infusion or air insufflation during the insertion phase. Sedation and analgesia were administered on demand. Results Fewer patients requested sedation in the water gr…
Combination of open field and elevated plus-maze: a suitable test battery to assess strain as well as treatment differences in rat behavior.
1998
Abstract 1. 1. A test battery consisting of a standard open field, an enriched open field and an elevated plus maze was used to study behavior in rats. 2. 2. Male rats of the strains PVG/OlaHsd (PVG) and Sprague-Dawely-Hsd (SPRD) (150–200g body wt) were used to assess interstrain differences as well as handling effects. In a subsequent experiment an other set of male PVG rats (150–200g body wt) treated either with diazepam or zolpidem was used to evaluate the test battery for pharmacological purposes. 3. 3. SPRD rats displayed higher motor activity levels and also higher levels of exploratory behavior than the PVG rats. In contrast plus-maze activity indicated more anxiety of SPRD than PVG …
Elimination kinetics of the novel prodrug cinazepam possessing psychotropic activity in mice.
2011
Abstract The kinetics of excretion of the novel tranquilizer cinazepam (3-hydroxy-7-bromo-5-( ortho -chlorophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzdiazepin-2-one hemisuccinate (I)) in mice after a single administration and different schemes of multiple administration were determined. Mass balance was studied daily in excretions of mice (feces and urine) for 5-10 days. We observed that monoexponen-tial renal excretion of 14 C-cinazepam and its metabolites predominated with all dosage regimens. Cinazepam and its metabolites were almost fully (> 90%) eliminated in urine and feces over the period of study (5-10 days), which means that no significant accumulation of the drug in the body occurred. The kin…
Inhaled isoflurane via the anaesthetic conserving device versus propofol for sedation of invasively ventilated patients in intensive care units in Ge…
2021
Summary Background Previous studies indicate that isoflurane could be useful for the sedation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but prospective studies evaluating isoflurane's efficacy have been small. The aim of this study was to test whether the sedation with isoflurane was non-inferior to sedation with propofol. Methods This phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label non-inferiority trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of up to 54 h of isoflurane compared with propofol in adults (aged ≥18 years) who were invasively ventilated in ICUs in Germany (21 sites) and Slovenia (three sites). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to isoflurane inhalation via the Sedaconda anaesthet…
Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation Intensity Dependently Facilitates Motor-Evoked Potentials Following Focal Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Motor …
2020
Although theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is known to differentially modify motor cortical excitability according to stimulus conditions in humans, whether similar effects can be seen in animals, in particular rats, remains to be defined. Given the importance of experimental rat models for humans, this study explored this stimulation paradigm in rats. Specifically, this study aimed to explore corticospinal excitability after TBS in anesthetized animals to confirm its comparability with human results. Both inhibition-facilitation configurations using paired electrical stimulation protocols and the effects of the TBS paradigm on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in rat descending motor pathways wer…